All of the Army’s senior officers have received brief mention in one or another of the standard biographical reference works. Principal among the general sources are the twenty-volume Dictionary of American Biography with supplements; Webster’s American Military Biographies; the various editions of Who’s Who in America, Who Was Who in America, and Who Was Who in American History—The Military; the Encyclopedia Americana and Encyclopedia Brittanica; and Current Biography.

Detailed military background is assembled in Francis B. Heitman’s Historical Register of Officers of the Continental Army, 1775–1783 and Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army, 1789–1903; Thomas H. S. Hamersly’s Complete Army and Navy Register of the United States of America, 1776–1887; George W. Cullum’s Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy spanning the years 1802 to 1950 and occasionally updated; and the official Army Register published regularly from 1815 to 1985.

Supplementing these sources are the Army General Orders published from earliest times and the official biographical sketches prepared for public information purposes in more recent times.

Autobiographies and secondary works on the Army’s senior military officers provide the real substance on their lives and service. Understandably, the more prominent have received abundant attention (James Thomas Flexner has noted that published biographies of George Washington are as innumerable as the leaves in a forest), and in a select bibliography the problem becomes one of deciding what to leave out as well as what to put in. Unfortunately, other individuals of modest mien or quieter times may not have been appraised at all and have been disinclined to fill the void on their own. These individuals would make useful subjects for biographical attention; until they are treated, the listing that follows must remain incomplete. Some senior officers have published books which, although not autobiographical, may provide some insight into their lives. Those books have also been included in this bibliography.

Bell, J. Franklin

Raines, Edgar F., Jr. "Major General J. Franklin Bell and Military Reform: The Chief of Staff Years, 1906–1910." 2 vols. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1976.

Bliss, Tasker H.

Palmer, Frederick. Bliss, Peacemaker: The Life and Letters of General Tasker Howard Bliss. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1934.

Trask, David F. General Tasker Howard Bliss and the "Sessions of the World," 1919. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society 1966.

Bradley, Omar N.

Bradley, Omar N. A Soldier’s Story. New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1951.

———, and Blair, Clay. A General’s Life: An Autobiography. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983.

Whiting, Charles. Bradley. Illustrated History of the Violent Century. New York: Ballantine Books, 1971.

Brown, Jacob J.

Latham, Frank B. Jacob Brown and the War of 1812. New York: Cowles Book Co., 1971.

Chaffee, Adna R.

Carter, William Harding. The Life of Lieutenant General Chaffee. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1917.

Collins, J. Lawton

Collins, J. Lawton. Lightning Joe: An Autobiography. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1979.

———. War in Peacetime: The History and Lessons of Korea. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1969.

Dearborn, Henry

Coffin, Charles, comp. The Lives and Services of Major General John Thomas, Colonel Thomas Knowlton, Colonel Alexander Scammell, Major General Henry Dearborn. New York: Egbert, Hovery & King, 1845.

Dearborn, Henry. Revolutionary War Journals of Henry Dearborn, 1775–1783. Edited by Lloyd A. Brown and Howard H. Peckham. New York: Caxton Press, 1939.

Erney, Richard Alton. The Public Life of Henry Dearborn. New York: Arno Press, 1979.

Eisenhower, Dwight D.

Ambrose, Stephen E. Ike, Abilene to Berlin: The Life of Dwight D. Eisenhower. . . . New York: Harper & Row, 1973.

———. Eisenhower: Soldier and President. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1983.

Childs, Marquis W. Eisenhower, Captive Hero: A Critical Study of the General and the President. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1958.

Eisenhower, David. Eisenhower at War: 1943–1945. New York: Random House, 1986.

Eisenhower, Dwight D. Crusade in Europe. Garden City, N.Y: Doubleday & Co., 1948.

———. The Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower. Edited by Alfred D. Chandler, Jr., et al. 9 vols. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1970–78. The Chief of Staff, edited by Louis Galambos, 1978.

———. The Eisenhower Diaries. Edited by Robert H. Ferrell. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1981.

Hatch, Alden. General Ike: A Biography of Dwight D. Eisenhower. New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1944.

Lyon, Peter. Eisenhower: Portrait of a Hero. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1974.

Grant, Ulysses S.

Badeau, Adam. Grant in Peace: From Appomattox to Mount McGregor. Hartford: S. S. Scranton & Co., 1887.

Catton, Bruce. U. S. Grant and the American Military Tradition. The Library of American Biography. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1954.

Fuller, John Frederick Charles. The Generalship of Ulysses S. Grant. Civil War Centennial Series. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1929.

Grant, Ulysses S. Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant. 2 vols. New York: Charles L. Webster & Co., 1885–86.

———. The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant. Edited by John Y. Simon. 8 vols. to date. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1967–.

Lewis, Lloyd. Captain Sam Grant. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1950.

McFeely, William S. Grant: A Biography. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1981.

Halleck, Henry.

Ambrose, Stephen E. Halleck: Lincoln’s Chief of Staff. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1962.

Halleck, Henry W. Elements of Military Art and Science. . . . New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1846.

———. International Law: or Rules Regulating the Intercourse of States in Peace and War. New York: D. Van Nostrand Co., 1861.

Hamilton, Alexander

Cooke, Jacob E. Alexander Hamilton. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1982.

Hacker, Louis M. Alexander Hamilton in the American Tradition. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1957.

Hamilton, Alexander. Alexander Hamilton and the Founding of the Nation. Edited by Richard B. Morris. New York: Dial Press, 1957.

———. The Works of Alexander Hamilton. Edited by Henry Cabot Lodge. 9 vols. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1885–86.

McDonald, Forrest. Alexander Hamilton: A Biography. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1979.

Miller, John C. Alexander Hamilton: Portrait in Paradox. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1959.

Schachner, Nathan. Alexander Hamilton: Nation Builder. They Made America. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1952.

Harmar, Josiah

Harmar, Josiah. Outpost on the Wabash, 1787–1791: Letters of Brigadier General Josiah Harmar. . . . Edited by Gayle Thornbrough. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society, 1957.

Peckham, Howard H. "Josiah Harmar and His Indian Expedition." Ohio State Archeological and Historical Quarterly 55 (1946): 227–41.

Knox, Henry

Brooks, Noah. Henry Knox: A Soldier of the Revolution. . . . New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1900.

Callahan, North. Henry Knox: General Washington’s General. New York: Rinehart & Co., 1958.

Drake, Francis S. Life and Correspondence of Henry Knox, Major General in the Revolutionary Army. Boston: S. G. Drake, 1873.

MacArthur, Douglas

Hunt, Frazier. The Untold Story of Douglas MacArthur. New York: Devin-Adair Co., 1954.

James, Dorris Clayton. The Years of MacArthur. 3 vols. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1970, 1975, 1985.

Lowitt, Richard, comp. The Truman-MacArthur Controversy. Berkeley Series in American History. Chicago: Rand McNally & Co., 1967.

MacArthur, Douglas. Reminiscences. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1964.

Manchester, William. American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur, 1880–1964. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1978.

Miller, Francis Trevelyan. General Douglas MacArthur: Fighter for Freedom. Philadelphia: John C. Winston Co., 1942.

Petillo, Carol Morris. Douglas MacArthur. The Philippine Years. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1981.

Whitney, Courtney. MacArthur: His Rendezvous With History. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1956.

McClellan, George B.

Delmar, Alexander. The Life of George B. McClellan. New York: T. R. Dawley 1864.

Eckenrode, Hamilton J., and Conrad, Byron. George B. McClellan: The Man Who Saved the Union. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1941.

Hassler, Warren W., Jr. General George B. McClellan: Shield of the Union. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1957.

McClellan, George B. The Armies of Europe. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1861.

———. McClellan’s Own Story: The War for the Union. . . . New York: Charles L. Webster & Co., 1887.

Myers, William Starr. A Study in Personality: General George Brinton McClellan. New York: D. Appleton-Century Co., 1934.

Sears, Stephen W. George B. McClellan: The Young Napoleon. New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1988.

Macomb, Alexander

Macomb, Alexander. The Practice of Courts Martial. New York: Samuel Coleman, 1840.

Richards, George H. Memoir of Alexander Macomb, the Major General Commanding the Army of the United States. New York: McElrath, Bangs & Co., 1833.

March, Peyton C.

Coffman, Edward M. The Hilt of the Sword: The Career of Peyton C. March. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1966.

March, Peyton C. The Nation at War. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1932.

Marshall, George C.

Frye, William. Marshall: Citizen Soldier. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1947.

Marshall, George C. Memoirs of My Services in the World War, 1917–1918. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1976.

Payne, [Pierre S.] Robert. The Marshall Story: A Biography of General George C. Marshall. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1951.

Pogue, Forrest C. George C. Marshall. 3 vols. New York: Viking Press, 1963-73.

———. George C. Marshall Interviews and Reminiscences for Forrest C. Pogue. Lexington, Virginia: George C. Marshall Research Foundation, 1991.

U.S. War Department. General Staff. Biennial Report of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, July 1, 1943 to June 30, 1945, to the Secretary of War. Washington, D.C., 1945.

Miles, Nelson A.

Johnson, Virginia Weisal. The Unregimented General: A Biography of Nelson A. Miles. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1962.

Miles, Nelson A. Personal Recollections and Observations. . . . Chicago and New York: Werner Co., 1896.

———. Serving the Republic: Memoirs of the Civil and Military Life of Nelson A. Miles. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1911.

Pershing, John J.

Goldhurst, Richard. Pipe Clay and Drill: John J. Pershing, the Classic American Soldier. New York: Reader’s Digest Press, 1977.

McCracken, Harold. Pershing: The Story of a Great Soldier. New York: Brewer & Warren, 1931.

O’Connor, Richard. Black Jack Pershing. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Co., 1961.

Palmer, Frederick. John J. Pershing, General of the Armies: A Biography. Harrisburg, Pa.: Military Service Publishing Co., 1948.

Pershing, John J. My Experiences in the World War. 2 vols. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co., 1931.

Smythe, Donald. Guerrilla Warrior: The Early Life of John J. Pershing. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1973.

Vandiver, Frank E. Black Jack: The Life and Times of John J. Pershing. 2 vols. College Station: Texas A & M University Press, 1977.

Ridgway, Matthew B.

Ridgway, Matthew B. The Korean War: How We Met the Challenges. . . . Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Co., 1967.

———. Soldier: The Memoirs of Matthew B. Ridgway. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1956.

Rogers, Bernard W.

Rogers, Bernard William. Cedar Falls–Junction City: A Turning Point. Department of the Army Vietnam Studies. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1974.

St. Clair, Arthur

St. Clair, Arthur. A Narrative of the Manner in Which the Campaign Against the Indians, in the Year 1791, Was Conducted, Under the Command of Major General St. Clair. The First American Frontier. 1812. Reprint. New York: Arno Press, 1971.

———. The St. Clair Papers: The Life and Public Service of Arthur St. Clair. . . . Edited by William Henry Smith. The Era of the American Revolution. 2 vols. 1882. Reprint. New York: Da Capo Press, 1971.

Wilson, Frazer Ells. Arthur St. Clair, Rugged Ruler of the Old Northwest: An Epic of the American Frontier. Richmond: Garrett & Massie, 1944.

Schofield, John M.

Schofield, John M. Forty-six Years in the Army. New York: Century Co., 1897.

Scott, Hugh L.

Harper, James W. "Hugh Lenox Scott: Soldier-Diplomat." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Virginia, 1968.

Scott, Hugh L. Some Memories of a Soldier. New York: Century Co., 1928.

Scott, Winfield

Elliott, Charles Winslow. Winfield Scott: The Soldier and the Man. New York: Macmillan Co., 1937.

Long, Laura. Fuss ’n’ Feathers: A Life of Winfield Scott. New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1944.

Mansfield, Edward D. The Life of General Winfield Scott. New York: A. S. Barnes & Co., 1846.

Scott, Winfield. Memoirs of Lieut.-General Scott, LL.D. New York: Sheldon & Co., 1864. Contemplated as a two-volume set; only one was published.

Sheridan, Philip H.

Frost, Lawrence A. The Phil Sheridan Album: A Pictorial Biography of Phillip [sic] Henry Sheridan. Seattle: Superior Publishing Co., 1968.

O’Connor, Richard. Sheridan, the Inevitable. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1963.

Rister, Carl Coke. Border Command: General Phil Sheridan in the West. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1944.

Sheridan, Philip H. Personal Memoirs of P. H. Sheridan, General, United States Army. 2 vols. New York: Charles L. Webster & Co., 1888.

Sherman, William T.

Athearn, Robert G. William Tecumseh Sherman and the Settlement of the West. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1956.

Lewis, Lloyd. Sherman: Fighting Prophet. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1932.

Liddell Hart, Basil Henry. Sherman: Soldier, Realist, American. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1929.

Merrill, James M. William Tecumseh Sherman. Chicago: Rand McNally & Co., 1971.

Miers, Earl Schenck. The General Who Marched to Hell: William Tecumseh Sherman and His March to Fame and Infamy. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1951.

Sherman, William T. Memoirs of General William T. Sherman. 2 vols. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1875.

Sullivan, Gordon R.

Sullivan, Gordon R. Portrait of an Army. U.S. Army Center of Military History, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1991.

Taylor, Maxwell D.

Taylor, John M. General Maxwell Taylor: The Sword and the Pen. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1989.

Taylor, Maxwell D. Precarious Security. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1976.

———. Responsibility and Response. New York: Harper & Row, 1967.

———. Swords and Plowshares: A Memoir. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1972.

———. The Uncertain Trumpet. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1959.

Washington, George

Flexner, James Thomas. George Washington. 4 vols. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1965–72. The Forge of Experience, 1732–1775 (1965); . . . in the American Revolution, 1775–1783 (1968); . . . and the New Nation, 1783–1893 (1970); Anguish and Farewell, 1793–1799 (1972).

———. Washington: The Indispensable Man. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1974.

Freeman, Douglas Southall. George Washington: A Biography. 7 vols. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1948–57.

Lodge, Henry Cabot. George Washington. American Statesmen Series. 2 vols. Boston: Houghton Mifflin & Co., 1889.

Marshall, John. The Life of George Washington, Commander in Chief of the American Forces . . . and First President of the United States. 5 vols. Philadelphia: C. P. Wayne, 1804–07.

Washington, George. The Diaries of George Washington, 1748–1799. Edited by John C. Fitzpatrick. 4 vols. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin & Co., 1925.

———. The Writings of George Washington . . . , 1745–1799. Edited by John C. Fitzpatrick. 39 vols. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1931–44.

Wayne, Anthony

Boyd, Thomas Alexander. Mad Anthony Wayne. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1929.

Knopf, Richard C., ed. Anthony Wayne, A Name in Arms: Soldier, Diplomat, Defender of Expansion Westward of a Nation. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1959.

Preston, John Hyde. A Gentleman Rebel: The Exploits of Anthony Wayne. New York: Farrar & Rinehart, 1930.

Tucker, Glen. Mad Anthony Wayne and the New Nation: The Story of Washington’s Front-line General. Harrisburg: Stackpole Books, 1973.

Wildes, Harry Emerson. Anthony Wayne: Trouble Shooter of the American Revolution. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1941.

Westmoreland, William C.

Furguson, Ernest B. Westmoreland: The Inevitable General. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1968.

U.S. Department of the Army. General Staff. Report of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, 1 July 1968 to 30 June 1972. Washington, D.C., 1977.

Westmoreland, William C. A Soldier Reports. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Co., 1976

Wilkinson, James

Hay, Thomas Robson, and Werner, Morris Robert. The Admirable Trumpeter: A Biography of General James Wilkinson. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1941.

Jacobs, James Ripley. Tarnished Warrior: Major General James Wilkinson. New York: Macmillan Co., 1938.

Shreve, Royal Ornan. The Finished Scoundrel: General James Wilkinson. . . . Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1933.

Wilkinson, James. Wilkinson: Soldier and Pioneer. New Orleans: Rogers Printing Co., 1935.

———. Memoirs of My Own Times. Philadelphia: Abraham Small, 1816.

Wood, Leonard

Hagedorn, Hermann. Leonard Wood: A Biography. 2 vols. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1931.

Hobbs, William Herbert. Leonard Wood: Administrator, Soldier, and Citizen. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1920.

Holme, John G. The Life of Leonard Wood. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Co., 1920.

Lane, Jack C. Armed Progressive: General Leonard Wood. San Rafael, Calif.: Presidio Press, 1978.

Marcosson, Isaac F. Leonard Wood: Prophet of Preparedness. New York: John Lane Co., 1917.

Sears, Joseph Hamblen. The Career of Leonard Wood. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1919.

Wood, Eric Fisher. Leonard Wood: Conservator of Americanism. New York: George H. Doran Co., 1920.

Wood, Leonard. Our Military History: Its Facts and Fallacies. Chicago: Reilly & Britton Co., 1916.

Wotherspoon, William C.

Wotherspoon, William Wallace. The Training of the Efficient Soldier. Philadelphia: American Academy of Political and Social Science, 1905