Bibliographical Note

Bibliographical Note

When George Washington organized the first American army in 1775, the organization of divisions and brigades almost immediately became a subject for discussion, but no comprehensive study has ever been published about their evolution in the United States military. This study, prepared from a wide range of sources, was intended to fill that gap. Many of the sources consulted are part of the archival holdings of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Washington, D.C. Although many record groups in the National Archives were searched, the following groups were particularly useful: 165, records of the War Department and special staffs; 168, records of the National Guard Bureau; 177, records of the Chief of Arms; 94 and 407, records of the Adjutant General; 393 and 394, records of the U.S. Army Continental Commands; and 337, records of Headquarters, Army Ground Forces. At the Military History Institute (MHI), Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania, the records of the Army War College, 1920-40, were a rich source of information. Also valuable were the holdings in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., which house the papers of Leonard Wood, John J. Pershing, John McAuley Palmer, George Van Horn Moseley, John L. Hinds, Charles L. Scott, and others. The George C. Marshall Foundation, Lexington, Virginia; the Command and General Staff College Library, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas; the Infantry Center and School Library, Fort Benning, Georgia; the Institute of Heraldry Library, Fort Belvoir, Virginia; and the Patton Museum, Fort Knox, Kentucky, all were helpful in locating and providing documents. Since World War 11, the weekly newspaper Army Times has been a source of information about the Army, and routinely information about divisions and brigades has been culled from it by members of the Center of Military History.
The official publications of the War Department and the Department of the Army were essential to the study. They included the periodic General Regulations of the United States Army; Field Service Regulations, United States Army; and Official Army Registers; and War Department and Department of the Army regulations, general orders, circulars, bulletins, and field manuals. Another collection of official material that proved to be invaluable in preparing the work was the published Annual Reports of the War Department. Within those reports, the most frequently cited were the Report of the Secretary of War Report of the Major
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General Commanding the Army, Report of the Chief of Staff, Report of the Adjutant General, and Report of the Chief of the Militia Bureau, later the Report of the Chief of the National Guard Bureau. Between 1920 and 1941 the reports were basically limited to those of the Secretary of War, the Chief of Staff, and Chief of the National Guard Bureau (the last still being published annually). Between 1948 and 1968 the reports pertaining to activities of the Department of the Army were published in the Department of Defense Reports. After 1968 the Department of the Army Historical Summaries carried on the tradition of the official Reports of the War Department. Since 1939 reports of the Chief of Staff of the Army have been published intermittently under various titles. All of the official publications listed in the notes are in the library of the U.S. Army Center of Military History (DAMN), Washington, D.C., and when cited in the notes no location was given.

The third category of documents that proved particularly significant was the unpublished annual summaries or reviews that the major commands have prepared since World War II. They included documents prepared by the Office, Chief of Army Field Forces (OCAFF), U.S. Continental Army Command (CONARC), U.S. Army Combat Developments Command (CDC), U.S. Army Forces Command (FORSCOM), U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), U.S. Army, Europe (USAREUR), U.S. Army, Pacific (USARPAC), and others, which are a part of the holdings of the Historical Records Branch, US. Army Center of Military History, cited as DAMH-HSR.

Although many types of documents have been consulted, tables of organization and equipment (TOE) published in the twentieth century served as the skeleton for the study. The Army first published TOES in 1914 as an aid to mobilization planning, and many are required to describe a division or separate combined arms brigade. To list all used in preparing this study is prohibitive, but those cited in the notes are available in the Organizational History Branch of the Center, cited as DAMH-HSO. Along with the TOES, the subject files in the Organizational History Branch pertaining to such topics as the National Guard, Army Reserve, mobilizations, and other areas involving units; the adjutant general reference files and the unit historical data cards, both of which contain data about the changes in status of units, were indispensable. The last group of files in the Organizational History Branch without which the study could not have been prepared was the unit files. They also contain letters of instructions for changes in status of units, general orders from the commands implementing those instructions, studies prepared by staff officers concerning the organizations, newspaper articles about the units, and sundry miscellaneous papers about them.

The selective bibliography that follows has been divided into books, journals, and unpublished manuscripts.
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Books

Acheson, Dean. Present at the Creation: My Years in the State Department. New York: W W Norton and Co., 1969.
Adler, Julius O. History of the Seventy-Seventh Division. New York: Wynokoop Hallenbeck Crawford Co., 1919.
Alger, Russell A. The Spanish-American War. New York: Harper and Co., 1901.
Allen, Henry T. The Rhineland Occupation. Indianapolis: Robbs-Merrill Co., 1927.
American Archives: A Collection ofAuthentic Records, State Papers, and Letters and Other Notices of Public Affairs. 9 vols. Ser. 4. Washington, D.C.: M. St. Clair and Peter Force, 1839-53.
American State Papers, Military Affairs. 7 vols. Washington, D.C.: Gales and Seaton, 1834.
Appleman, Roy E. South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu. United States Army in the Korean War. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1961.
Balek, William. Taktik (Tactics), vol. 3, Kriegsgliederung, Nachrichten, Befehle, Marschdienst (Military Organization, Communications, Orders, Marches). 4th ed. Berlin: R. Eisenschmidt, 1907.
Barnett, Correlli. Britain and Her Army 1509-1970. Warmondsworth, England: Allen Lane, Penguin Press, 1974.
Benwell, Harry A. History of the Yankee Division. Boston: Cornhill Co., 1919.
Birkhimer, William E. Historical Sketch of the Organization, Administration, Materiel, and Tactics of the Artillery, United States Army. Washington, D.C.: James J. Chapman, 1884.
Blumenson, Martin. Salerno to Cassino. United States Army in World War 11. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1969.
Bowman, Stephen L., John M. Kendall, and James L. Saunders. Motorized Experience of the 9th Infantry Division. Fort Lewis, Wash.: N.p., 1989.
Brown, Sevellon. The Story of Ordnance in the World War. Washington, D.C.: James William Bryan Press, 1920.
Butterfield, Julia Lorrilard, ed. A Biographical Memorial of General Daniel Butterfield. New York: Grafton Press, 1904.
Callan, John E, comp. The Military Laws of the United States. Philadelphia: G. W Childs, 1863.
Chambers, John Whiteclay lI. To Raise an Army: The Draft Comes to Modern America. New York: Free Press, 1987.
Cheng, Christopher C.S. Air Mobility: The Development of a Doctrine. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1994.
Chin, George M. The Machine Gun. 3 vols. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1951.
Clendenen, Clarence C. Blood on the Border: The United States Army and the Mexican Irregulars. London: Macmillan and Co., 1969.
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Clinger, Fred, Arthur Johnson, and Vincent Masel. The History of' the 71st Infantry Division. Augsburg, Germany: E. Kieser KG, 1946.
Coakley, Robert W, and Richard M. Leighton. Global Logistics and Strategy: 1943-1945. United States Army in World War II. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1968.
Coffman, Edward N. The Hilt of the Sword, The Career of Peyton C. March. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1966.
--. The War to End All Wars. New York: Oxford University Press, 1966.
Coleman, J. D. Pleiku: The Dawn of Helicopter Warfare in Vietnam. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1988.
Conn, Stetson, Rose C. Engelman, and Byron Fairchild. Guarding the United States and Its Outposts. United States Army in World War II. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1964.
Correspondence Relating to the War with Spain. 2 vols. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1902. Reprinted. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1993.
Cosmas, Graham A. An Army for Empire, The United States in the SpanishAmerican War. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1971.
Cronin, Francis D. Under the Southern Cross, The Saga of the Americal Division. Washington, D.C.: Combat Forces Press, 1951.
Crossland, Richard B., and James T Currie. Twice the Citizen: A History of the United States Army Reserve, 1908-1983. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief, Army Reserve, 1984.
Department of the Army Chief of Information, Why Merge. N.p., March 1965.
Dastrup, Boyd L. King of Battle: A Branch History of the US. Army's Field Artillery. Fort Monroe, Va.: U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, 1992.
Delaney, John P The Blue Devils in Italy: A History of the 88th Infantr'v Division in World War IL Washington, D.C.: Infantry Journal Press, 1947.
Devlin, Gerard M. Paratroopers: The Saga of Parachute and Glider Combat Troop, 1914 to 1945. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1986.
Diamond, Maynard L., Willard E. Simms, Edward B. Baldinger, and Meyer Siegelbaum. The 89th Infantry Division, 1942-1945. Washington, D.C.: Infantry Journal Press, 1946.
Dickinson, John. The Building of an Army. New York: Century Co.,1922.
Dolcater, Max W 3d Infantry Division in Korea. Tokyo: Toppan Printing Co., 1953.
Doughty, Robert A. The Evaluation of the US Army Tactical Doctrine, 1946-76. Leavenworth Papers. Fort Leavenworth, Kans.: Combat Studies Institute, 1979.
Duane, William. A Hand Book for Infantry. Philadelphia: William Duane, 1814.
Dyer, Frederick H. A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion. Des Moines, Iowa: Dyer Publishing Company, 1908.
88th Division in the World War of 1914-1918, The. New York: Wynkoop Hallenbeck Crawford Co., 1919.
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Eisenhower, John D. So Far From God: The US. War With Mexico 1846-1848. New York: Random House, 1989.
Elliott, Charles W. Winfield Scott: The Soldier and the Man. New York: Macmillan Co., 1937.
Fehrenback, T. R. This Kind of War. A Study in Unpreparedness. New York: Macmillan Co., 1963.
Finnegan, John P Against the Specter of a Dragon. Westport, Corm.: Greenwood Press, 1974.
Flanagan, Edward M. The Angels: A History of the 11th Airborne Division 1943-1946. Washington, D.C.: Infantry Journal Press, 1948.
Ford, Worthington C., ed. Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774-1789. 34 vols. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1904-37.
Fuller, J. F. C. British Light Infantry in the Eighteenth Century. London: Hutchinson, 1925.
Fulton, William F. Riverine Operations, 1966-1969. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1973.
Gabel, Christopher R. The US. Army GHQ Maneuvers of 1941. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1992.
Gavin, James M. On to Berlin: Battle of an Airborne Commander, 1943-1946. New York: Viking Press, 1978.
Genesis of the American First Army. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1938.
Gillett, Mary C. The Army Medical Department, 1818-1865. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1987.
Gillie, Mildred Hanson. Forging the Thunderbolt. Harrisburg, Pa.: Military Service Publishing Co., 1947.
Greenfield, Kent Roberts, Robert R. Palmer, and Bell 1. Wiley. The Organization of Ground Combat Troops. United States Army in World War lI. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1949.
Guderian, Heinz. Panzer Leader. New York: E. P Dutton and Co., Inc., 1952.
Gunsburg, Jefery A. Divided and Conquered: The French High Command and the Defeat of the West, 1940. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1979.
Hagood, John. The Services of Supply, A Memoir of the Great War. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1927.
Harbord, James G. The American Army in France, 1917-1918. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1936.
Harper 's Pictorial History of the War With Spain. New York: Harper and Co., 1899.
Hay, John H., Jr. Tactical and Materiel Innovations. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1974.
Heitman, Francis B. Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army From Its Organization, September 1779 to March 2, 1903, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1903.
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Hermes, Walter G. Truce Tent and Fighting Front. United States Army in the Korean War. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1966.
Hewes, James E., Jr. From Root to McNamara: Army Organization and Administration, 1900-1963. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1975.
Historical and Pictorial Review Second Cavalry Division, United States Army.
Baton Rouge, La.: Army Navy Publishing Co., 1941.
History and Traditions of the Corps of Engineers. Fort Belvoir, Va.: Engineer School, 1953.
Holley, I. B. General John M. Palmer, Citizen Soldiers, and the Army of a Democracy. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1983.
Howard, Michael. War in European History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976.
Howze, Hamilton H. A Cavalryman's Story. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1996.
Huidekoper, Frederic L. Military Unpreparedness of the United States. New York: Macmillan, 1915.
--. The History of the 33d Division, A.E.F 4 vols. Springfield: Illinois State Historical Library, 1921.
Hunt, Irwin L. American Military Government of Occupied Germany, 1918-1919. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1943.
Huston, James A. Sinews of War: Army Logistics. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1966.
Hutnik, Joseph J., and Leonard Kobrick, eds. We Ripened Fast, The Unofficial History of the Seventy-Sixth Infantry Division. Frankfurt, Germany: Otto Lembeck, 1946.
Jamieson, Perry D. Crossing the Deadly Ground: United States Army Tactics, 1865-1899. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1994.
Johnson, Lyndon Baines. The Vantage Point. New York: Holt, Rinehard, and Winston, 1971.
Kirkpatrick, Charles E. An Unknown Future and a Doubtful Present: Writing the Victory Plan of 1941. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1991.
Knox, Henry. A Plan for the General Arrangement of the Militia of the United States. Political Pamphlets, No. 95, 1786.
Kreidberg, Marvin A., and Merton G. Henry. History of Military Mobilization in the United States Army, 1775-1945. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1955.
Laird, Melvin R. National Security Strategy of Realistic Deterrence: Annual Defense Department Report, Fiscal Year 1973.
Lee, Ulysses. The Employment of Negro Troops. United States Army in World War II. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1966.
Lesser, Charles H. The Sinews of Independence: Monthly Strength Report of the Continental Army. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976.
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Liddell Hart, Basil Henry. Colonel Lawrence. New York: Halcyon House, 1937.
Liggett, Hunter. AEF, Ten Years Ago in France. New York: Dodd, Mead, and Co., 1928.
Lightning: The History of the 78th Infantry Division. Washington, D.C.: Infantry Journal Press, 1947.
Little, John G., Jr. The Official History of the Eighty-Sixth Division. Chicago: State Publication Society, 1921.
Lossing, Benson J. The Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812, New York: Harper and Brothers, 1869.
McClellan, George B. McClellan 's Own Story: The War of the Union. New York: Charles L. Webster and Co., 1887.
MacGregor, Morris J., Jr. Integration of the Armed Forces 1940-1965. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1981.
McKenney, Janice E. Air Defense Artillery. Army Lineage Series. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1985.
Mahon, John K., and Romana Danysh. Infantry Part l: Regular Army. Army Lineage Series. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1972.
Mansfield, Edward D. The Mexican War. A History of Its Origin. New York: A. S. Barnes and Co., 1850.
March, Peyton C. The Nation at War. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Dorn, and Co., Inc., 1922.
Matloff, Maurice. "The 90-Division Gamble." In Command Decisions. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1960.
--, ed. American Military History. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1969.
Mexican War Correspondence. Washington, D.C.: Wendell and van Benthuysen Printer, 1848.
Meyer Edward C. General, United States Army, Chief of Staff, June 1979 June 1983. N.p., 1983.
Midgley, John J. Deadly Illusions: Army Policy for the Nuclear Battlefield. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1986.
Millett, Allan R. Semper Fidelis: The History of the United States Marine Corps. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1980.
Mission Accomplished: Third United States Army Occupation of Germany 9 May 1945-15 February 1947. N.p., 1947.
Moenk, Jean. A History of Large-Scale Army Maneuvers in the United States, 1935-64. Fort Monroe, Va.: U.S. Continental Army Command, 1969.
Morton, Louis. The Fall of the Philippines. United States Army in World War 11. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1953.
Mossman, Billy C. Ebb and Flow November 1950-July 1951. United States Army in the Korean War. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1990.
Mrazek, James E. The Glider War. London: Robert Hale and Co., 1975.
Naisawald, L. van Loan. The US Infantry Division: Changing Concepts in
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Organization, 1900-39. Project Shop, ORO-S 23. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, 1952.
Nalty, Bernard C., and Morris J. MacGregor. Blacks in the Military: Essential Documents. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources, Inc., 1981.
Nenninger, Timothy K. The Leavenworth Schools and the Old Army. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1978.
Operation Gyroscope in the US Army Europe, 1957. Historical Division, U.S. Army Europe, 1957.
Order of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the World War (1917-19): American Expeditionary Forces: General Headquarters, Armies, Army Corps, Services of Supply, Separate Forces; Directory of Troops; Divisions; Zone of the Interior. 5 vols. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1931-49. Reprinted. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1988.
O'Ryan, John F. The Story of the 27th Division. 2 vols. New York: Wynkoop Hallenbeck Crawford Co., 1921.
Ott, David Ewing. Field Artillery, 1964-1973. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1972.
Palmer, Frederick. Bliss, The Peacemaker: The Life and Letters of General Tasker Howard Bliss. New York: Dodd, Mead, and Co., 1934.
--. Newton D. Bake; America at War. 2 vols. New York: Dodd, Mead and Co., 1931.
Palmer, Robert R., Bell I. Wiley, and William R. Keast. The Procurement and Training of Ground Combat Troops. United States Army in World War II. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1948.
Paxson, Frederic Logan. The Great Demobilization and Other Essays. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1941.
Pennsylvania in the World War: An Illustrated History of the Twenty-Eighth Division. 2 vols. Pittsburgh, Pa.: States Publication Society, 1921.
Pershing, John J. My Experiences in the World War. 2 vols. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co., 1921.
Pew, Frank W The US Army Forces Command and the Development of the Brigade 75/76 Concept for the Support of Europe. Fort McPherson, Ga.: U.S. Army Forces Command, 1980.
Pogue, Forrest C. George C. Marshall: Education of a General. New York: Viking Press, 1963.
Prucha, Francis Paul. The Sword of the Republic: The United States Army on the Frontier 1783-1846. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1977.
Public Affairs Division. Big Lift, 1963. U.S. Army, Europe, 1963.
Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Dwight D. Eisenhower. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1960.
Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Haul, S. Truman.
Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1965.
Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: John F. Kennedy.
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Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1961.
Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Lyndon B. Johnson. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1966 and 1969.
Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Richard M. Nixon. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1969 and 1971.
Quartermaster General of the Army, comp. Tabular Statements Showing the Names of Commanders of Army Corps, Divisions, and Brigades, United States Army, During the War of 1861 to 1865. Philadelphia: Burk and McFetrigde, Printers and Lithographers, 1887.
Quimby, Robert S. The Background of Napoleonic Warfare. New York: AMS Press, Inc., 1957.
Ridgway, Matthew B. Soldier: The Memoirs of Matthew B. Ridgway. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1956.
Ripley, R. S. The War With Mexico. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1849.
Risch, Erna. Quartermaster Support of the Army: A History of the Corps, 1775-1939. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1962.
Risch, Erna, and Chester L. Kieffer. The Quartermaster Corps: Organization, Supply, and Services. 2 vols.United States Army in World War 11. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1955.
Robertson, James 1. Soldiers Blue and Gray. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1988.
Romjue, John L. A History of the Army 86. Division 86: The Development of the Heavy Division. Fort Monroe, Va.: U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, 1982.
--. A History of the Army 86. Division 86: The Development of the Light Division, the Corps, and Echelons Above Corps. Fort Monroe, Va.: U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, 1982.
--. The Army of Excellence: The Development of the 1980s Army. Fort Monroe, Va.: U. S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, 1993.
--. From Active Defense to AirLand Battle: The Development of Army Doctrine, 1973-1982. Fort Monroe, Va.: U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, 1984.
Rose, John E The Evolution of US. Army Nuclear Doctrine, 1945-1980. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1980.
Rostow, W W The Diffusion of Power. New York: Macmillan Co., 1972.
Saxe, Maurice de. Reveries on the Art of War. Translated by Thomas R. Philipps. Harrisburg, Pa.: Military Service Publishing Co., 1944.
Schellendorff, Paul Bronsart von. The Duties of the General Staff. 4th ed. London: Harrison and Sons, 1895.
Schnabel, James F. Policy and Direction: The First Year. United States Army in the Korean War. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1972.
Scott, Hugh L. Some Memories of a Soldier. New York: Century Co., 1928.
Semi-Annual Report: US. Army Forces Western Pacific, 1 Jan-30 Jun 1946. N.p.,
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1946?
Sharp, U. S. G., and W. C. Westmoreland. Report on the War in Vietnam. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1969.
Sheridan, Philip H. Personal Memoirs of Ph. Sheridan. 2 vols. New York: Charles L. Webster & Co., 1888.
Shipley, Thomas. The History of the A.E.F New York: George H. Dorna Co., 1920.
Sligh, Robert Bruce. The National Guard and National Defense: The Mobilization of the Guard in World War II. New York: Praeger, 1992.
Smith, Justin H. The War With Mexico. 2 vols. New York: Macmillan Co., 1919.
Smythe, Donald. Pershing: General of the Armies. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986.
Snyder, James M. The Establishment and Operations of the US. Constabulary, 3 Oct 1945-30 June 1947. Historical Sub-Section, G-3, U.S. Constabulary, 1947.
Society of the First Division. History of the First Division During the World War, 1917-1919. Philadelphia: John C. Winston Co., 1922.
Sommers, Richard J. Richmond Redeemed: The Siege at Petersburg. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday and Co., Inc., 1981.
Sorley, Robert. Thunderbolt: General Creighton Abrams and the Army of His Times. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992.
Sorrill, Barbara A., and Constance J. Suwalsky. The Origins, Deliberations, and Recommendations of the US. Army Tactical Mobility Requirements Board (Howze Board). Fort Leavenworth, Kans.: US. Army Combat Developments Command, 1970.
Sparrow, John W History of Personnel Demobilization of the United States Army. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1952.
Spaulding, Oliver L., Hoffman Nickerson, and John W. Wright. Warfare. Washington, D.C.: Harcourt, Brace, and Co., 1925.
Spaulding, Oliver L., and John W Wright. The Second Division, American Expeditionary Forces in France 1917-1919. New York: Hillman Press, Inc., 1937.
Starry, Donn A. Mounted Combat in Vietnam. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1978.
Steuben, Frederick W von. A Letter on the Subject of an Established Militia, and the Military Arrangements, Addressed to the Inhabitants of the United States. New York: J. McLean and Co., 1784.
Strobridge, William. Golden Gate to Golden Horn. San Mateo, Calif.: San Mateo County Historical Association, 1975.
Stubbs, Mary Lee, and Stanley R. Connor. Armor-Cavalry. Army Lineage Series. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1969.
Taylor, John M. General Maxwell Taylor: The Sword and the Pen. New York: Doubleday, 1989.
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Taylor, Maxwell D. Swords and Plowshares. New York: W W Norton and Co., 1972.
Tierney, Richard. The Army Aviation Story. Northport, Ala.: Colonial Press, 1963.
Tolson, John J. Airmobility, 1961-1971. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1973.
US. Army Combined Arms Combat Development Agency. The Light Infantry Division: The Army of Excellence: Final Report. 1 Oct 1984.
US. Army, Europe, and Seventh Army. Strengthening NATO: Stationing of the 2d Armored Division (Forward) in Northern Germany. 1980.
United States Army in the World War, 1918-19. 17 vols. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1948. Reprinted. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1988-1992.
United States Defense Policies in 1959. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1964.
Universal Military Dictionary, An. Reprint. Ottawa: Museum Restoration Service, 1969.
Wagner, Arthur L. Organization and Tactics. Kansas City, Mo.: Franklin Hudson Publishing Co., 1897.
War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, The. Ser. 1, 53 vols. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1881-98.
Washington, George. The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources. Edited by John C. Fitzpatrick. 39 vols. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1931-44.
Watson, Mark Skinner. Chief of Staff: Prewar Plans and Preparation. United States Army in World War II. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1950.
Weigley, Russell F. History of the United States Army. New York: Macmillan Company, 1967.
Weinert, Richard P. USCONARC and Redeployment of Forces From Europe (REFORCER). Fort Monroe, Va.: U.S. Continental Army Command, 1969.
--. The Role of USCONARC in the Army Buildup FY 1966. Fort Monroe, Va.: U.S. Continental Army Command, 1967.
--. The Role of USCONARC in the Army Buildup FY 1967. Fort Monroe, Va.: US. Continental Army Command, 1968.
Westmoreland, William C. A Soldier Reports. Garden City, N.Y : Doubleday and Co., 1976.
Wickham, John A., Jr. Collected Works of the Thirtieth Chief of Staff, United States Army. N.p., 1987.
Williams, George W A History of the Negro Troops in the War of the Rebellion, 1861-1865. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1888.
Williams, Kenneth P Lincoln Finds a General. 4 vols. New York: Macmillan and Co., 1949-59.
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Wilson, John B. Armies, Corps, Divisions, and Separate Brigades. Army Lineage Series. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1987.
Wright, Bertram C., ed. The 1st Cavalry Division in World War II. Tokyo: Toppan Printing Co., 1947.
Wright, Robert K. The Continental Army. Army Lineage Series. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1983.

Journal Articles

"Army Guard AT'75 Highlights." National Guardsman 29 (May 1975): 2-5.
"Army's Month, The." Army 8 (April 1958): 20.
"Army's New M48 Medium Tank Ready for Distribution to Armor Troops." Armor 61 (May-June 1952): 30-31.
"Battalions Declared Inactive." Infantry Journal 30 (June 1927): 660.
Beall, John A. "Revisions of ROCAD." Armor 68 (March-April 1959): 48-51.
Bigelman, Paul A. "Force Designs for the Future." Army 31 (June 1981): 22-23.
Bonanno, Joseph. "The Helicopter in Combat." Ordnance 37 (March-April 1954): 868-72.
Bowen, John W "Reorganizing the Reserve Components." Army Information Digest 13 (November 1959): 11-15.
"Bulletin of the Chief, Army Reserve." CARNOTES (September-October 1985).
Burdett, Thomas P "Mobilizations 1911 and 1913." Military Review 53 (July 1974):65-74.
Cantwell, James F. "A Salute to the Lost' Divisions. "National Guardsman 22 (February 1968): inside front cover.
"Cavalry Organization." Cavalry Journal 29 (July 1920): 116.
"Cavalry Reorganization." Cavalry Journal 30 (January 1921): 62-63.
"Cavalry Reorganization." Cavalry Journal 30 (October 1921): 422.
Chaffee, Adna R. "The Maneuvers of the First Cavalry Division, September-October, 1923." 33 Cavalry Journal (April 1924): 133-62.
"CONARC Report on US Army Reserve 68." Army Reserve Magazine 25 (March 1968): 4-5.
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