Endnotes for Chapter X
 
1 Col Stanley N. Lonning to Acting Assistant Commandant, The Infantry School (TIS), 23 Apr 53, sub: Proposed Reorganization of the Infantry and Airborne Divisions, UA 27.51 15 (4/23/53), Infantry School Library (ISL), Fort Henning, Ga.
 
2 John J. Midgley, Deadly Illusions: Army Policy for the Nuclear Battlefield (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1986), pp. 2-5.
 
3 Ltr, OCAFF to CG, Infantry Center, 28 Apr 52, sub: Organization of the Infantry Regiment, 28 Apr 52, ATTNG (Deputy Chief of Staff, G-3-Training)-23 322/6 (Regt) (28 Apr 52), ISL.
 
4 Report of Board of Officers, to CG, Infantry Center, 11 Aug 52, sub: Report of Board of' Officers, ISL.
 
5 1st Ind, TIS to OCAFF, 11 Aug 52, sub: Report of Board of Officers, GNKEAD-R 320 (11 Aug 52), and Ltr, Infantry School Representatives, XVIII Airborne Corps, to CG, XVIII Airborne Corps, 25 Sep 53, sub: Report of Evaluation, Phase 111, Operation FALCON, Infantry School Representatives, ABCGC (Airborne Corps General Correspondence) 353 Opn FALCON, ISE; OCAFF, "Summary of Major Events and Problems, FY 1953," ch. 8, pp. 1-12, DAMH-HSR.
 
6 Ltr, Attack Group, Tactical Department, TIS, 28 Jul 52, sub: Proposed Reorganization of Infantry Units, ISE; Col Lonning to Acting Assistant Commandant, TIS, 23 Apr 53, sub: Proposed Reorganization of the Infantry and Airborne Divisions.
 
7 Matthew B. Ridgway, Soldier: The Memoirs of Matthew B. Ridgway (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1956), pp. 286-87; Ltr, OCofS to OCAFF, 19 Apr 54, sub: Organizational Studies to Improve the Army Combat Potential-to-Manpower Ratio, RG 337, Army Field Forces, NARA.
 
8 Midgley, Deadly Illusions, pp. 44-45; Ltr, OCofS to OCAFF, 19 Apr 54, sub: Organizational Studies to Improve the Army Combat Potential-to-Manpower Ratio, Ltr, OCAFF to Chief of Information, Department of the Army (CINFO), 13 Sep 54, sub: Fact Sheet, Project ATFA-1 (hereafter cited as Fact Sheet, Project ATFA-1, 13 Sep 54), both ATTIS (OCAFF, Information Section) 320, RG 337, NARA.
9 Fact Sheet, Project ATFA-1, 13 Sep 54; TOE 7 ATFA, Infantry Division, 30 Sep 1954.
 
10 Fact Sheet, Project ATFA-1, 13 Sep 54; TOE 17 ATFA, Armored Division, 30 Sep 1954.
 
11 Fact Sheet, Project ATFA-1, 13 Sep 54.
 
12 Ltr, CONARC to TAG and other addresses, 25 Apr 56, sub: Concept and Technical Review of the Tentative 1956 ATFA Infantry Division, ATTNG-D&R (Office of the Coos, G-3-Research and Development, 322/50 (Div) (25 Apr 56), and Ltr, CONARC to TAG and other addresses, 23 May 56, sub: Concept and Technical Review of the Tentative 1956 ATFA Armored Division, ATTNG-D&R 322/16 (Div) (23 May 56), both Division General file, DAMH-HSO; Midgley, Deadly Illusions, p. 49.
 
13 Moenk, Large-Scale Army Maneuvers, pp. 205-20; TOE 7, ATFA Infantry Division, 30 Jun 1955; TOE 17, ATFA Armored Division, 30 Jun 1955.
 
14 3d Infantry Division, Final Evaluation Report on the ATFA Infantry Division (TOE 7T), 15 Jan 56, Command and General Staff College (CGSC) Library, Fort Leavenworth, Kans.; Lit, CONARC to TAG and other addresses, 25 Apr 56, sub: Concept and Technical Review of the Tentative 1956 ATFA Infantry Division, ATTNG-D&R 322/50 (Div) (25 Apr 56), RG 337, NARA; Ltr, 1st Armd Div to CG, Fourth Army, 1 Jan 56, sub: Final Report on Exercise BLUE BOLT II, AKDHD-CG 354.2, and Ltr, Fourth Army to CG, CONARC, 13 Feb 56, Final Report, Exercise BLUE BOLT II, AKADC-M-BEG 354.2, both CGSC Library; Ltr, CONARC to TAG and other addresses, 23 May 56, sub: Concept and Technical Review of the Tentative 1956 ATFA Armored Division, ATTNG-D&R 322/16 (Div) (23 May 56), RG 337, NARA.
 
15 Ltr, CONARC to TAG and other addresses, 23 May 56, sub: Concept and Technical Review of the Tentative 1956 ATFA Armored Division, and Ltr, CONARC to TAG and other addresses, 25 Apr 56, sub: Concept and Technical Review of the Tentative 1956 ATFA Infantry Division.
 
16 Ltr, TAG to CG, CONARC, 6 Jun 56, sub: The 1956 Army Reorganization, AGAM-P (Office of the Adjutant General, Publications Branch) 320 (5 Jun 56) DCSOPS, Division General file, DAMH-HSO.
 
17 Ltr, Garrison H. Davidson to Willard G. Wyman, 21 Feb 56, CGSC Library.
 
18 Moenk, Large-Scale Army Maneuvers, p. 212; Transcript of Address by General Maxwell D. Taylor, Chief of Staff, United States Army, Before the Army School Commandants, Room 2E715A, The Pentagon, Washington, D.C., Thursday, 28 Feb 57, CS 322 (1 Feb 57), RG 319, NARA.
 
19 Err, G-3 to CG, CONARC, 17 Nov 54, sub: Organization of the Army During the Period FY 1960-1970, RG 319, NARA; Midgley, Deadly Illusions, pp. 58-59.
 
20 Ltr, CONARC to TAG and other addresses, 28 Oct 55, sub: PENTANA Army (U), ATSWD (Combat Developments)-G-322/4 (Army) (28 Oct 55), 322/4 (Army), RG 319, NARA.
 
21 Ltr, John E. Dahlquist to Maxwell D. Taylor, 12 Dec 55, 322/19/Army 6-10 Aug 56, RG 319, NARA.
 
22 Taylor, Swords and Plowshares, pp. 152-53; John M. Taylor, General Maxwell Taylor: The Sword and the Pen (New York: Doubleday, 1989), pp. 198-99; Ltr, Maxwell D. Taylor to CG, CONARC, sub: Army Organization, 1 Jun 56, Division General file, DAMH-HSO.
 
23 Ltr, CofS to CG, CONARC, sub: Reorganization of the Airborne Division and the Development of Special Airborne Reconnaissance Units, 20 Sep 55, RG 319, NARA.
 
24 Ltr, CONARC to CofS, 15 Dec 55, sub: Reorganization of the Airborne Division (S), ATSWD 322/31 (Div) (15 Dec 55), 101st Abn Div file, DAMN-HSO. During the planning for the pentomic reorganization the Army returned to use troop and squadron for cavalry reconnaissance units.
 
25 Ltr, DCofS for Military Operations to CG, CONARC, 20 Feb 56, sub: Reorganization of the Airborne Division, OPS OT DC 2, 101 st Abn Div file, DAMH-HSO.
 
26 TOE 57T, ROTAD, Airborne Division, 1956; CONARC, "Summary of Major Events and Problems, 1956," vol. 1, Doctrine and Requirements Division, G3 Section, 1 Jan-30 Jun 56, Reorganization and Test of the Airborne Division (Project ROTAD), pp. 1-4, DAMN-HSR.
 
27 Taylor coined the Madison Avenue term "pentomic" to describe units organized with pentagonal structures and atomic capabilities. See Taylor, Swords and Plowshares, p. 171.
 
28 DOD News Release No. 1205-55, 14 Dec 55, Ltr, TAG to CG, Third Army, 4 Jun 56, sub: Reorganization of the 101st Airborne Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (23 May 56) DCSPER, and Wilber Brucker, Address before AMVETS National Convention, 1 Sep 56, all 101st Abn Div file. DAMH-HSO; "Run Down on the 1 O1," Army 7 (Oct 1956): 51-53.
 
29 CONARC, "Summary of Major Events and Problems, 1 Jul 56-30 Jun 57," vol. 1, ch. 2, pp. 1-5.
 
30 Ibid., p. 6-12.
 
31 Ibid.
 
32 Ibid., p. 13; CONARC, "Summary of Major Events and Problems, 1 Jul 57 30 Jun 58," vol. 3, Organization and Equipment Division, pp. 1-4, DAMH-HSR; TOE 57D, Airborne Division, 1958; Ltr, TAG to CG, Third Army, 19 Nov 58, sub: Reorganization of the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions, AGAO-O (M) 322 (20 Oct 58) DCSPER, 101st Abn Div file, DAMH-HSO; "The Army's Month," Army 8 (Apr 1958): 20.
 
33 Ltr, CofS to CONARC, 23 Aug 56, sub: Reorganization of Current Infantry Division, Division General file, DAMH-HSO.
 
34 Ltr, CONARC to DCofS for Military Operations and other addresses, 15 Oct 56, sub: Reorganization of Current Infantry Division, ATTNG-D&R 322/53 (Div) (15 Oct 56), and Ltr, CG, CONARC, to COfS, 21 Dec 56, sub: Basic Doctrinal Guidance in Connection with New (ROCID) Division Organization, ATCG (CG, CONARC), both Division General file, DAMN-HSO.
 
35 Taylor's address, 28 Feb 57; CONARC, "Major Events and Problems, 1 Jul 56-30 Jun 57," vol. I, Doctrine and Requirements Division, G3 Section, 1 Jan-30 Jun 57, pp. 20-23.
 
36 CONARC, "Major Events and Problems, 1 Jul 56-30 Jun 57," vol. 3, Organization and Equipment, G3 Section, pp. 3-7; TOE 17T ROCAD, Armored Division, 1956.
 
37 Taylor's address, 28 Feb 57.
 
38 Taylor, Swords and Plowshares, p. 171; Glenn llwvkins, "United States Force Structure and Force Design Initiatives, 1939-1989," Ms, pp. 35-36, DAMH-RAD; "Infantry of Tomorrow," Army, 6 (Sep 1955): 47-48; "Let's All Fly on Platforms," Army 6 (Dec 1955): 25.
 
39 DF, Office, Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations (ODCSOPS) to See of the General Staff and other addresses, sub: Reorganization of Divisions, 2 May 57, OPS OT OR 1, Pentomic Divisions, Division General file, Ltr, TAG to CinC, U.S. Army, Pacific (USARPAC), and other addresses, 22 Aug 57, sub: Transfer of the 24th Infantry Division and Reorganization of the 1st Cavalry Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (16 Aug 57) DCSPER, Ltr, TAG to CinC, USARPAC, and other addresses, 29 Aug 57, same subject, AGAO-O (M) 322 (27 Aug 57) DCSPER, Ltr, TAG to CinC, U.S. Army Europe (USAREUR), and other addresses, 8 Feb 57, sub: Reorganization of the 1st Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (5 Feb 57) DCSPER, Ltr, TAG to CinC. USAREUR, 21 Jun 57, sub: Reorganization of the 2d Armored Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (13 Jun 57) DCSPER, Ltr, TAG to CGs, CONARC, and Third U.S. Army, 17 Mar 58, sub: Change in Status of the 2d and 10th Infantry Divisions, AGAO-O (M) (5 Feb 58) DCSPER, Ltr, TAG to CinC, USAREUR, and other addresses, 30 Aug 57, sub: Reorganization of the 3d Armored Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (26 Aug 57) DCSPER, Ltr, TAG to CinC, USAREUR, 26 Dec 57, sub: Change in Status of Certain Units, 26 Dec 57, AGAO-O (M) 322 (13 Dec 57) DCSPER, Ltr, TAG to CinC, USAREUR, and other addresses, 12 Mar 57, sub: Reorganization of the 4th Armored Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (6 Feb 57) DCSPER, Ltr, TAG to CG, CONARC, and other addresses, 27 Mar 57, sub: Reorganization of the 4th Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (25 Mar 57) DCSPER, Ltr, TAG to CG, U.S. Army Far East, and other addresses, 31 May 57, sub: Reorganization of the 7th Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (24 May 57) DCSPER, Ltr, TAG to CinC, USAREUR, 16 Jul 57, sub: Reorganization of the 8th Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (10 Jul 57) DCSPER, Ltr, TAG to CinC, USAREUR, and other addresses, 13 Nov 57, sub: Reorganization of the 9th Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 9th Inf Div (8 Oct 57) DCSPER, Ltr, CinC, USAREUR, and other addresses, 14 Jun 47, sub: Reorganization of the 10th Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (31 May 57) DCSPER, Ltr, TAG to CinC, USAREUR, 20 Feb 57, sub: Reorganization of the IIth Airborne Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (19 Feb 57) DCSPER, Draft letter, undated, sub: Organization of the 24th Infantry Division, Ltr, TAG to CinC, USAREUR, 11 Feb 57, sub: Reorganization of the 1 st Armored Division, AGAOO (M) 322 (5 Feb 57) DCSPER, Ltr, TAG to CGs, CONARC and Fourth U.S. Army, 5 Dec 57, sub: Change in Status of Certain Units, AGAO-O (M) 322 (13 Nov 57) DCSPER, and Ltr, CGs, CONARC and Sixth U.S. Army, 27 May 57, sub: Inactivation of the 5th Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (24 May 57) DCSPER, all AG Reference files; and Historical Data Cards, Divisions, DAMN-HSO.
 
40 Memo, See of Army for Sec of Defense, 31 Jan 57, sub: Combat Arms Regimental System (CARS), and Fact Sheet, undated, sub: Combat Arms Regimental System, both CARS files, and News Release, Historic Traditions of Regiments to be Preserved in Pentomic Army, 7 Feb 57, Division General file, all DAMH-HSO.
 
41 CONARC, "Summary of Major Events and Problems, 1 Jul 56-30 Jun 57," vol. 4, Doctrine and Requirements Division, G3 Section, 1 Jan-30 Jun 57, pp. 18-19; Information Paper: Separate Combined Arms Brigades in the Reserve Components, 30 Apr 58, Brigade General file, Ltr, TAG to CGs, CONARC and First U.S. Army, 12 Feb 58, sub: Organization of the 2d Infantry Brigade, AGAO-O (M) 322 (5 Feb 58) DCSPER, and Ltr, TAG to CG, Third Army, 8 Jul 58, sub: Change in Status of 1st Infantry Brigade and other units, AGAO-O (M) 322 (11 Jun 58), DCSPER, all AG Reference files; and Historical Data Cards, all DAMH-HSO.
 
42 Ltr, CONARC to DCofS for Military Operations, 28 Aug 58, sub: Evaluation of ROCID, ATTNG-D&R 322/17 (Div) (28 Aug 58), Division General file, DAMN-HSO.
 
43 Ibid.
 
44 1st Ind, ODCSOPS to CG, CONARC, 29 Dec 58, sub: Evaluation of ROCID, OPS OT OR 2, Division General file, DAMH-HSO; TOE 7D, Infantry Division, 1960.
 
45 John A. Beall, "Revisions of ROCAD," Armor 68 (Mar-Apr 1959): 48-51; TOE 17D, Armored Division, 1960.
 
46 Ltr. TAG to CG, Fifth U.S. Army, 14 Jul 60, sub: Reorganization of the 9th Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (27 Jun 60) DCSPER, and Ltr, TAG to CG, Fifth U.S. Army, 30 Jan 62, sub: Inactivation of 9th Infantry Division and 9th Military Intelligence Detachment, AGAO-0 (M) 322 (23 Jan 62) DCSPER, 9th Inf Div file, DAMN-HSO; Historical Data Cards for the 1 st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 24th, and 25th Inf Divs, the 2d, 3d, and 4th Armd Divs, and 1st Cav Div, DAMH-HSO; United States Defense Policies in 1959 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1964), p. 32; Annual Report of the Secretary of the Army, July 1, 1959, to June 30, 1960, p. 143; Skaggs, "The KATUSA Experiment," p. 55.
 
47 John W. Bowen, "Reorganizing the Reserve Components," Army Information Digest 13 (Nov 1959): 
11-15; Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau, FY 1960, p. 33; Fact Sheet on Department of the Army Revised Plan for Reorganization of the United States Army Reserve, undated, Army Reserve file; Ltr, TAG to CG, Sixth U.S. Army, 31 Mar 59, sub: Reorganization of the 63d Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (16 Mar 59) RES, Ltr, TAG to CG, First U.S. Army, 7 Apr 59, sub: Reorganization of the 77th Infantry Division, AGAO-O 322 (20 Mar 59) RES, Ltr, TAG to CG, Second U.S. Army, 17 Mar 59, sub: Reorganization of the 79th Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (2 Mar 59) RES, Ltr, TAG to CG, Third U.S. Army, 10 Apr 59, sub: Reorganization of the 81st Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (26 Mar 59) RES, Ltr, TAG to CG, Second U.S. Army, 19 Mar 59, sub: Reorganization of the 83d Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (2 Mar 59) RES, Ltr, TAG to CG, Fourth U.S. Army, 19 Mar 59, sub: Reorganization of the 90th Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (3 Mar 59) RES, Ltr, TAG to CG, First U.S. Army, 6 Apr 59, sub: Reorganization of the 94th Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (16 Mar 59) RES, Ltr, TAG to CG, Sixth U.S. Army, 29 Apr 59, sub: Reorganization of the 96th Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (10 Apr 59) RES, Ltr, TAG to CG, Fifth U.S. Army, 11 May 59, sub: Reorganization of the 102d Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (1 May 59) RES, Ltr, TAG to CG, Fifth U.S. Army, 20 Apr 59, sub: Reorganization of the 103d Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (10 Apr 59) RES, Ltr, TAG to CG, Sixth U.S. Army, 30 Apr 59, sub: Redesignation and Reorganization of the 104th Infantry Division, AGAO-O (M) 322 (24 Apr 59) RES, all DAMH-HSO.
 
48 Information Paper, Separate Combined Arms Brigades in the Reserve Components, 30 Apr 85; Ltr, NGB to AG, Hawaii, 23 Jan 59, sub: Troop Allotment, Consolidation, Conversion, Redesignation, and Reorganization, Army NG Units, NG-AROTO, Ltr, NGB to AG, Arizona, 4 Feb 59, sub: Reorganization of Army NG 1958-60, NG-AROTO 325.4 Arizona, Ltr, NGB to AG, Puerto Rico, 6 Feb 59, sub: Reorganization of the Army NG 1958-60, NG-AROTO 325.4-Puerto Rico, all National Guard state files, DAMN-HSO.
 
49 Regiments in training divisions were not tactical units, therefore fell outside the Combat Arms Regimental System.
 
50 TOE 29-7T, Division Training, 1959; Fact Sheet, Department of the Army Revised Plans for Reorganization of the United States Army Reserve; see notes, Historical Data Cards for the 70th, 76th, 78th, 80th, 84th, 85th, 89th, 91st, 95th, 98th, 100th, 104th, and 108th Divs (Training), DAMH-HSO.
 
51 Annual Report of the Secretary of Defense, 1959, pp. 169-81.
 
52 DCSPER, The Troop Program of the Army, Annex I, Troop Bases Data, Current Actions Strength, 30 Jun 60, pp. 29-35, ACofS Reserve Components, Reserve Components Control Program of the Army, FY 1960, pp. 53-96, Office, Chief of Army Reserve and Reserve Officer Training Corps, "Summary of Major Events and Problems, 1 Jul 60-30 Jun 61," p. 14, all DAMHHSR; Annual Report of the Chief, National Guard Bureau, Fiscal Year 1960, p. 33; Donald McGowan, "Army National Guard Today," Army Information Digest 15 (Mar 1960): 17.

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