Endnotes for Chapter XIV

Endnotes for Chapter XIV

1 E. C. Meyer, General, United States Army, Chief of Staff June 1979 June 1983 (n.p., 1983),
p. 52.

2 John P. Rose, The Evolution of U.S. Army Nuclear Doctrine, 1945-1980 (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1980), pp. 115-16.

3 FM 100-5, Operations, 1976, pp. 1-1-5; Kevin P. Sheehan, "Preparing for an Imaginary War: Examining Peacetime Functions and Changes of Army Doctrine," Ph.D. thesis, Harvard University, 1988, pp. 75-76; U.S. TRADOC, "Annual Historical Review, FY 1976," pp. 38-47: Memo, CG, TRADOC, undated, sub: Outline Concept Paper Division Restructuring Study (DRS) ATCG-R, TRADOC, Executive Summary: draft, Phase I: Division Restructuring Study (DRS), 20 Dee 76, both DRS file, DAMN-HSO; John W. Foss, Donald S. Pihl, and Thomas E. Fitzgerald, "The Division Restructuring Study: The Heavy Division," Military Review 57 (Mar 1977): 11-21.

4 Ltr, DCSOPS to TRADOC, 21 Mar 75, no subject, DRS file: Foss et al., "The Heavy Division," pp. 11-21; TRADOC, Executive Summary, DRS.

5 TRADOC, Executive Summary, DRS.

6 Ibid.; Foss et al., "The Heavy Division," pp. 11-21.

7 Foss et al., "The Heavy Division," pp. 11-21.

8 TRADOC, Executive Summary, DRS; John P. Finnegan, "Military Intelligence, An Overview, 1885-1987," Ms, 1988, pp. 205-07, DAMH-HSO. Also see TRADOC, "Annual Historical Review, FY 1977," pp. 170-73 for a discussion of the new division.

9 Ltr, CG, III Corps and Fort Hood, to FORSCOM, 16 Aug 79, sub: Letter of TransmittalDRS Report-Phase III, and DRS, Brigade Evaluation, 2d Bde, 1st Cav Div, Phase III Final Report, vol. 1, 31 Aug 79, both DRS file.

10 FORSCOM, "Annual Historical Review, 1 Oct 1977-30 Sep 1978," pp. 155-56, and 1 Oct 1978-30 Sep 1979, pp. 161-66; John L. Romjue, A History of Army 86, vol. 1, Division 86: The Development of the Heavy Division (Fort Monroe, Va.: U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, 1982), pp. 42-48; Change 2, TOE 6-300H, Armored Division or Infantry Division (Mechanized) Artillery, 1976; TOE 6-307H, Target Acquisition Battery, Airborne, Armored, Infantry, and Mechanized Infantry Division, 1976; TOE 3-87H, Nuclear, Biological, Chemical Defense Company, 1977; OPS 28, Dir, Force Management, DCSOPS, to DCSOPS, 18 Apr 79, sub: CBR JA Teams, DAMO-RDP, Chemical General file, DAMN-HSO; TOE 17-85H, Combat Aviation Battalion, Armored or Mechanized Infantry Division, 1977; TOE 34-165H, Combat Electronic Warfare Intelligence Battalion, 1979; TOE 7-107H, Antiarmor Company, 1977; sec author's notes for implementation date, Div Reorganization 1976-1980, DAMH-HSO.

11 Department of the Army Historical Summary, FY 79, p. 13; PO 64-7, FORSCOM, 1978, 24th Inf Div file, Ltr, NGB to AG, Kentucky, 30 Sep 80, sub: Reorganization of KY ARNG Units, NGB-ARO-O 207-02, No. 195-80, Kentucky NG file, Ltr, NGB to AG, Texas, I Apr 80, sub: Reorganization of Texas ARNG Units, NGB-ARO-O 207-02, No. 71-80, Texas NG file, all DAMN-HSO; John L. Romjue, A History of Army 86, vol. 11, The Development of the Light Division, the Corps, and Echelons above Corps (Fort Monroe, Va.: U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, 1982), p. 25.

12 Romjue, The Heavy Division, p. 11.

13 Ibid., pp. 11-16; Department of the Army Historical Summary, FY 79, p. 18; Clyde J. Tate and L. D. Holder, "New Doctrine for the Defense," Military Review 59 (Mar 1981): 2-9; Donn A. Starry, "Extending the Battlefield," Military Review 59 (Mar 1981): 31-50; FM 100-5, Operations, 1982, pp. 2-1-10; John L. Romjue, From Active Defense to AirLand Battle: The Development of Army Doctrine 1973-1982 (Fort Monroe, Va.: U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, 1984), pp. 51-73.

14 LuAnne K. Leven and Benjamin F. Schemmer, "AFJ Interview: 'Now everybody can shoot at me,"' Armed Forces Journal International (Mar 1980): 46; Romjue, The Heavy Division, pp. 42-46, 48-49, 111, 128. Between pages 50 and 110 of this work is a detailed discussion of the evolution of Division-86.

15 Meyer, Chief of Staff p. 55; Romjue, The Heavy, Division, p. 112.

16 Romjue, The Heavy Division, pp. 81-85, 89; Paul A. Bigelman, "Force Designs for the Future," Army 31 (Jun 1981): 22-33.

17 Romjue, The Heavy Division, pp. 113, 1 16.

18 Ibid., pp. 115, 117.

19 Ibid., pp. 119-20.

20 TOE 87, Heavy Division, 1982, and associated TOES. The MI tank was named the "Abrams" in memory of General Creighton Abrams, Chief of Staff, who died in office in 1974.

21 TOE 87, Heavy Division, 1982, and associated TOES.

22 John L. Romjue, The Light Division, pp. 17-24; U.S. Army TRADOC, "Annual Command History, 1 Oct 82-30 Sep 83," pp. 296-302; USAREUR, "Historical Review, 1 Jan 82-31 Dec 83," pp. 20-22.

23 Romjue, The Light Division, p. 17; John L. Romjue, The Army of Excellence: The Development of the 1980s Army (Fort Monroe, Va.: U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, 1993), pp.20-21; John A. Wickham, Jr., Collected Works of the Thirtieth Chief of Staff United States Army (n.p., 1987), pp. 157-60, 217-18; PO 58-5, USAREUR and Seventh Army, 1983, 4th Bde, 4th Inf Div, file, DAMH-HSO.

24 Meyer, Chief of Staff, p. 174

25 The 1st Special Forces regiment under CARS was considered a part of infantry, but in 1983 they were made a separate arm.

26 AR 600-82, The US. Army Regimental System 1986; Ltr, ODCSOPS to TAG and other addresses, 8 Feb 83, sub: Regimental Implementation Plan-Initial Regiments, DAMO-ODO, and Memo for Record, DCSPER, Chief, New Manning System Division, 29 Mar 85, sub: CSA Guidance on U.S. Army Regimental System/COHORT, DAPE-PSB, USARS file, both DAMHHSO.

27 Romjue, The Light Division, pp. 25-27; Joseph R. Bongiovi, "I Corps: Light Infantry Division," Ms, p. 8, DAMN-HSR.

28 Romjue, The Light Division, pp. 26-55.

29 Stephen L. Bowman, John M. Kendall, and James L. Saunders, Motorized Experience o/ the 9th Infantry Division (Fort Lewis, Wash.: n.p., 1989), pp. 8-13, 30-41; FORSCOM, "Annual History Review, FY 1982," pp. 175-76; Glen R. Hawkins, U.S. Army Force Structure and Force Design Initiative, 1939-1989 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Army Center of Military History, undated), pp. 76-78.

30 Wickham, "White Paper 1984, Light Infantry Division," Collected Works, pp. 311-12; TRADOC, "Historical Review, 1 Oct 83 to 31 Dec 86," p. 108: FORSCOM, "Annual Historical Review, 1 Oct 83-30 Sep 84," p. 178.

31 FM 100-5, Operations, 1986, p. 185.

32 The term "Army of Excellence" appears to have been an outgrowth of the Army's theme, "Excellence," for 1983. All briefing slides prepared by the U.S. Army Combined Arms Combat Development Activity at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, had the logo "Army of Excellence," which was adopted for the new organizational initiative.

33 John L. Romjue, The Army of Excellence, pp. 46-47, 52; TOE 77, Infantry Division, 1984, and associated tables.

34 Velocci, "The New Light Division, Will it Work?" Infantry 74 (Jan-Feb 1984): 56-60; James J. Lindsey, "The Infantry Division (Light)," Infantry 74 (Jan-Feb 1984): 2-3 and (Mar-Apr 1984): 14-16.

35 David H. Petraeus, "Light Infantry in Europe: Strategic Flexibility and Conventional Deterrence," Military Review 64 (Dec 1984): 35-53.

36 Department of the Army Historical Summary, FY 1985, pp. 59-60; TRADOC, "Historical Review, 1 Oct 83-31 Dec 86," pp. 113-14; Wickham, "White Paper 1984, Light Infantry Divisions." Although the 10th Mountain Division was light infantry, the Secretary of Army, John O. Marsh, decided to use the designation that the unit fought under during World War 11.

37 Lit, NGB to AG, Kansas, 9 May 84, sub: Reorganization of KS ARNG Unit, 9 May 84, NGB-ARO-O 207-2, No. 13-84, Ltr, NGB to AG, Kansas, 23 Aug 85, sub: Organization of 35th Infantry Division Units in Kansas, NGB-ARO-O No. 73-85, Ltr, NGB to AG, Kentucky, 14 Sep 85, sub: Organization of units of the 35th Infantry Division (Mech) and Reorganization and Consolidation of Co B, 201st Engineer Bn in Kentucky, NGB-ARO-O No. 72-85, Ltr, NGB to AG, Missouri, 14 Jun 85, sub: Organization of 35th Infantry Division (Mechanized) units in Missouri, NGB-ARO-O No. 70-85, Ltr, NGB to AG, Nebraska, 27 Sep 85, sub: Organization of units of the 35th Infantry Division (Mech) and 105th Personnel Service Co in Nebraska, NGBARO-O No. 71-85, Ltr, NGB to AG, Colorado, 27 Sep 85, sub: Organization of units of the 35th Aviation Battalion and Det 1, 2113th Trans Co in Colorado, NGB-ARO-O No. 69-85, Memo of Understanding between Adjutants General of Colorado, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Nebraska, and the Chief, National Guard Bureau, 6 Dec 83, sub: Command and Control 35th Infantry Division (Mechanized), all 35th Inf Div file, DAMH-HSO.

38 Wickham, "White Paper 1984, Light Infantry Divisions"; Department of the Army Historical Summary, Fiscal Year 1986, pp. 65-66; Romjue, The Army of Excellence, pp. 62-65; Activation Ceremony 10th Mountain Division (Light Infantry) 13 Feb 1985, 10th Mountain Division file, DAMH-HSO; Bulletin of the Chief, Army Reserve, CARNOTES, Sep-Oct 1985.

39 Ltr, NGB to AGs Maryland and Virginia, 30 Sep 85, sub: Organization of the 29th Infantry Division (Light), NGB-ARO-FD-207-02, No. 125-85, 29th Inf Div file, DAMH-HSO.

40 Combined Arms Combat Development Agency (CACDA), Light Infantry Division: The Army of Excellence: Final Report, 1 Oct 1984, ch. 9, pp. 1-7; FORSCOM, "Annual Historical Review, 1983-1984," p. 182; TOE 57L, Airborne Division, 1985, and associated tables, published 1 April 1987. Earlier versions of TOE omitted the chemical company and contained a smaller aviation brigade and a military intelligence battalion.

41 CACDA, Light Infantry Division, ch. 9, pp. 1-7; FORSCOM, "Annual Historical Review, 1983-1984," p. 182; TOE 57L, Airborne Division, 1985, and associated tables; Department of the Army Historical Summary, Fiscal Year 1987, p. 30; PO 88-19, FORSCOM, 1987, 407th Supt Bn file, DAMH-HSO.

42 CACDA, Light Infantry Division, ch. 9, pp. 1-7; TOE 67L, Airborne Division, 1986, and associated tables.

43 Department of the Army Historical Summary, Fiscal Year 1986, p. 66; TOE 1-200L, Division Aviation Brigade (AASLT), 1 October 1990; 1st-8th Battalions, 101st Aviation, assigned to the division in September-October 1987, see 101st Aviation file, DAM H-HSO.

44 Romjue, The Army Of Excellence, pp. 74-76; Bowman et al., Motorized Experience of the 9th Infantry Division, pp. 38-44, 285-86; TRADOC, "Historical Review, 1 Oct 83-31 Dec 86," pp. 115: FORSCOM, "Annual Historical Review, FY 88," p. 4-3; FORSCOM, "Annual Historical Review, FY 89," p. TV 27; PO 56-19, FORSCOM, 1988; The 1st Battalion, 803d Armor, which earlier had been designated as a round-out unit to the division, was made an element of the 81st Infantry Brigade at this time. Reserve Components Troop Basis of the Army, Annex I, Army National Guard Unit Program, 31 March 1989, pt. III, pp. 16-17; TOE 7-95L, Infantry Battalion (CAB-Lt), 1987.

45 TRADOC, "Historical Review, 1 Oct 83-31 Dec 86," p. 114; PO 100-2, Eighth Army, 1990, 2d Bn, 503d Inf, file, DAMN-HSO.

46 Ltr, NGB to AG, Texas, 28 May 88, sub: Reorganization of Texas ARNG Units, NGBARO-F 310-49e, 50th Armd Div file, DAMN-HSO; Annual Review of the Chief, National Guard Bureau, 1985, p. 26; Reserve Components Troops Basis of the Army, Annex 1, Army National Guard Unit Program, 30 Sep 1989, pp. II1-5-15, III-6 1-66.

47 Romjue, Army of Excellence, pp. 79-80; Reserve Components Troops Basis of the Army, Annex 1, Army National Guard Unit Program, 30 Sep 1989; Memo, Central Security Service for Sec of Def, 29 Feb 88, sub: Signal Intelligence Capability for Army National Guard Units, and Memo, Office Sec of Def for Dir Central Security Service, 26 Apr 88, no subject, 629th MI file, DAMH-HSO; PO 66-5 and 66-12, First U.S. Army, 1986, 126th and 128th MI Bn files, PO 69-4 and 82-8, Fourth U.S. Army, 1986, 147th and 138th MI Bn files, and PO 24-1, First U.S. Army, 1987, 542d MI Bn file, all DAMH-HSO.

48 TOE 63-IDOL, Support Command Heavy Division, 1986, and associated tables; TOE 6-300L, Division Artillery, Heavy Division, 1986, and associated tables; The Institute of Land Warfare, AUSA, "Divisions of the United States Army," 1 Oct 1989; "Air Defense Artillery Modernization," National Guard 63 (Jan 1989): 101.

49 TOE 87-100L, Heavy Separate Brigade, 1986, and associated tables.

50 Ltr, NGB to AG, New York, 1 Oct 85, sub: Reorganization of 27th Inf Bde, NGB-AROFD, 141-85, 27th Inf Bde file, DAMH-HSO; Reserve Components Troop Basis of the Army, Annex 1, Army National Guard Unit Program, 30 Sep 1989, Annex II, US Army Reserve Unit Allocation, 1989, pp. 29-30.

51 FORSCOM, "Annual Historical Review, 1 Oct 84-30 Sep 85," p. 141; PO 132-5, FORSCOM, 1983, 197th Inf Bde file, PO 132-4, FORSCOM, 1983, 194th Armd Bde file, and Ltr, CG, Berlin Brigade to CinC, USAREUR, 4 Jan 80, sub: Concept Plan for Reorganization of the Berlin Brigade, AEBA-GA-M, PO 59-6, USAREUR and Seventh Army, 1982, Berlin Brigade file, all DAMN-HSO. From 1961 to 1983 the Berlin Brigade had been organized under a table of distribution and allowance, which did not provide adequate resources to command and control its fire support and service support units.

52 PO 73-2, Fifth U.S. Army, 1985, 402d Brigade (Training) file; Information Paper, 24 May 83, sub: Training Organization Structure, FORSCOM, DCofS Operations, Force Structure and Stationing Division, Reserve (AFOP-FSR), Ltr, FORSCOM to Ch, Army Reserve, 7 Nov 1986, sub: Reorganization of USAR Training Division, AFOP-FSR, Ltr, TAG to CG, FORSCOM, 11 Dec 86, same subject, Ch, Army Reserve, Force Mobilization and Plans (DAAR-FMP), Division General file, DAMH-HSO; September 1988 reorganization of training divisions and brigades based on POs from First, Second, Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Armies, 1988-1990 PO file, DAMH-HSO.

53 PO 56-10, FORSCOM, 1988, 2d Bde, 9th Inf Div file, PO 78-10, FORSCOM, 1989, 2d Bde, 4th Inf Div file, Ltr, NGB to AGs, Idaho, Oregon, and Nevada, 18 Aug 88, sub: Reorganization of Idaho, Oregon, and Nevada ARNG Units, NGB-ARO-F, 310-49e, No. 183-88, 116th Cav Bde file, Ltr, AG Montana, Wyoming, 25 Aug 88, sub: Reorganization of Montana and Wyoming ARNG Units, NGB-ARO-F 310-49c, No. 189-88, 163d Cav Bde file, all DAMN-HSO. Under the fixed corps concept outlined in FM 100-5, Operations, 1986, the Army maintained the I, 111, V, and VII Corps and the XVIII Airborne Corps, which required five armored cavalry regiments. The Regular Army fielded three and the Army National Guard four, for a total of seven armored cavalry regiments. With the reduced requirement, the Guard converted two of its regiments to brigades.