- 2 Ltr, TAG to CinC, Far East, 12 Jun
50, sub: Activation, Inactivation, Redesignation, and Reorganization of Certain
Units in the Far East Command, AGAO-I 322 (10 Apr 50) G-1-M, AG Reference
files, DAMH-HSO; Schnabel, Policy and Direction, pp. 86-87, 90-94;
Stubbs and Connor, Armor-Cavalry,
p. 77.
-
- 3 Schnabel, Policy and Direction,
pp. 80-88.
-
- 4 Ltr, TAG to CinC, Far East, 26
Jul 50, sub: Reorganization of Certain Units in the Far East Command, AGAO-I
322 (21 Jul 50) G-I M, AG Reference files, DAMH-HSO; Elva Stillwaugh, "Personnel
Policies in the Korean Conflict," ch. 1, pp. 32-40, Ms, DAMN-HSR.
-
- 5 Roy E. Appleman, South to the
Naktong, North to the Yalu, United States Army in the Korean War (Washington,
D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1961), pp. 385-89; Charles G. Cleaver,
"History of the Korean War," vol. 3, pt. 2, Personnel Problems,
pp. 7-12, Ms, DAMHHSR; David Curtis Skaggs, "The KATUSA Experiment:
The Integration of Korean Nationals into the U.S. Army, 1950-1965,"
Military Affairs 38 (Apr 1974): 53-58.
-
- 6 Schnabel, Policy and Direction,
pp. 92-96, 168-71.
-
- 7 Appleman, South to the Naktong,
pp. 389-90; T.R. Fehrenback, This Kind of War: A Study in Unpreparedness
(New York: Macmillan Company, 1963), p. 202; Ltr, Henry P. Carrington
to Edgar M. Howell, 18 Nov 50, 63d Field Artillery Battalion file, DAMH-HSO;
Military History Section, "A Brief History of the 34th Infantry Regiment"
(United States Army Forces, Far East, Nov 1954), 34th Infantry file, DAMN-HSO.
-
- 8 Schnabel, Policy and Direction,
pp. 131-34; Max W. Dolcater, 3d Infantry Division in Korea (Tokyo:
Toppan Printing Co., 1953), pp. 57-65; Ltr, TAG to CGs, Third and Second
Armies, 25 Aug 50, sub: Organization and Reorganization of Certain Units,
AGAO-I 322 (17 Aug 50) G-1-M, Ltr, TAG to CinC, Far East, 6 Oct 50, sub:
Changes of Certain Units in the Far East Command, AGAO-I 322 (4 Sep 50),
G-1-M, and Ltr TAG to CG, Third Army, 19 Mar 51, sub: Change in Status of
Certain Units, AGAO-I 322 (2 Mar 51) G-1-M, all 3d Inf Div file, DAMN-HSO.
-
- 9 Stillwaugh, "Personnel Policies,"
ch. 6, pp. l-4.
-
- 10 Billy C. Mossman, Ebb and Flow,
November 1950 July 1951, United States Army in the
- Korean War (Washington, D.C.: Government
Printing Office, 1990), pp. 237, 247, 503; Walter
- G. Hermes, Truce Tent and Fighting
Front, United States Army in the Korean War (Washington,
- D.C.: Government Printing Office,
1966), p. 472.
-
- 11 Schnabel, Policy and Direction,
pp. 117-20; Stillwaugh, "Personnel Policies," ch. 1, pp. 9-12;
Ltr, TAG to CGs, Third, Fourth, and Sixth Armies, 16 Oct 50, sub: Change
in Status of Certain Units, AGAO-I 322 (29 Aug 50), G-1-M, 4th Inf Div file,
DAMH-HSO.
-
- 12 Schnabel, Policy and Direction,
pp. 122-25, 294; National Guard Bureau, "Induction and Release
of Army National Guard Units," pp. 21-24, National Guard Induction,
Korean War, Reference Paper files, DAMH-HSO; OCAFF Diary, "Action in
Support of FECOM 3 July 1950- 30 September 1950," Ms, DAMH-HSR; Ltr,
TAG to CGs, First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Armies, 6 Sep
50, sub: Reorganization of Certain Units Called to Active Duty from Civilian
Components, AGAO-1 322 Gen Res (23 Aug 50) G-1-M, AG Reference files. DAMH-HSO.
-
- 13 Crossland and Currie, Twice
a Citizen, pp. 96-97; Ltr, TAG to CG, Third Army, 10 Aug 50, sub: Activation
of the 8th Infantry Division (Training), AGAO-I 322 (7 Aug 50) G-1-M, 8th
Inf Div file, GO 51, Fort Jackson, South Carolina, 1950, Ltr, TAG to CG,
Second Army, 10 Aug 50, sub: Activation of the 101st Airborne Division (Training),
AGAO-I 322 (7 Aug 50) G-1-M, 101st Abn Div file, Ltr, TAG to CG, Fourth
Army, 21 Aug 50, sub: Activation of the 5th Armored Division, 21 Aug 50,
AGAO-I 322 Training Div (15 Aug 50) G-1-M, 5th Armd Div file, Ltr, TAG to
CG, Fifth Army, 21 Aug 50, sub: Activation of the 6th Armored Division.
- AGAO-I
322 Training Div (15 Aug 50) G-1-M, 6th Armd Div file, Ltr, TAG to CG, Sixth
Army, 10 Nov 50, sub: Activation of the 7th Armored Division, AGAO-1 322
(11 Oct 50) G-1-M, 7th Armd Div file, Ltr, TAG to CGs, Third, Fourth, and
Sixth Armies, 16 Oct 50, sub: Change in Status of Certain Units, AGAO-I
322 (29 Aug 50), 4th Inf Div file, and Divisional Historical Data Cards,
all DAMH-HSO.
-
- 14 Schnabel, Policy and Direction,
pp. 298-300; Truman, Papers of the President, 1950, pp. 746-47;
"Induction and Release of Army National Guard Units," pp. 39-41;
Ltr, TAG to CGs, Third and Fourth Armies, 26 Apr 51, sub: Reorganization
of Certain General Reserve Units, AGAO-I 322 Gen Res (2 Apr 51) G-1-M, AG
Reference files, Ltr, TAG to CGs, Third and Fourth Armies, 1 Mar 51, sub:
Activation of the 1st Armored Division, AGAO-I 322 (24 Feb 51) G-1-M, 1st
Armd Div file, DAMH-HSO.
-
- 15 Stillwaugh, "Personnel Policies,"
ch. 1, pp. 51-60; "Induction and Release of Army National Guard Units,"
pp. 48-58.
-
- 16 Stillwaugh, "Personnel Policies,"
ch. 3, p. 1; Ltr, TAG to CG, Second Army, 21 Feb 51,
- sub: Activation of the 5th Infantry
Division (Training), AGAO-1 322 (2 Feb 51) G -1-M, 5th Inf
- Div file, and Historical Data Card
5th Inf Div, DAMH-HSO; Robert W. Coakley, Karl E. Cocke,
- Daniel P. Griffin, "Demobilization
Following the Korean War," OCMH Study 29, pp. 71-73,
- Ms, DAMH-HSR.
-
- 17 Hermes, Truce Tent and Fighting
Front, pp. 202-04. Prior to the redeployment of 24th Infantry Division
to Korea in summer of 1953, elements of the 1st Cavalry Division and 24th
Infantry Division had served there as security forces on a rotation basis
since October 1952.
-
- 18 DA Bull 15, 1952; Annual Report
of the Chief of the National Guard Bureau, 1953, pp. 2-3, 1954, p. 15;
see notes based on NG-AROTO (National Guard Bureau-Organization and Training
Branch) 325.4
- letters, 1952-54, author's files;
"Illinois Declines Allotment to Reorganize 44th Division," Army
Times, 9 Jan 54; "Protests Rip Illinois Guard; Generals Urge Boyle's
Removal," Army Times, 16 Jan 54; Ltr, NGB to AG, Illinois, 17
Feb 54, sub: Withdrawal of Federal Recognition, National Guard Units, NG-AROTO
325.4-111, 44th Inf Div file, DAMH-HSO.
-
- 19 Truman, Papers of the President,
1950, p. 626; Dean Acheson, Present at the Creation: My Years in
the State Department (New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1969), pp. 437-40;
Historical Data Cards for the 4th, 28th, and 43d Inf Divs and the 2d Armd
Div, DAMN-HSO.
-
- 20 TOE 7, Infantry Division, 15
May 1952; TOE 17, Armored Division, 29 Dec 1952; TOE 57, Airborne Division,
I Jan 1952; Lloyd Norman, "The New Look Strategy," Combat Forces
Journal 4 (Feb 1954): 15-20.
-
- 21 TOE 7-11, Infantry Regiment,
15 May 1952; "Tools for the Fighting Man: Small Arms," Armed
Forces Talk (18 Jan 1952) pp. 1-15; Walter H. Ramsey, "The Big
Bazooka: Russian Tanks Were No Match for Our 3.5-Inch Weapon," Ordnance
35 (May-Jun 1951): 638-40.
-
- 22 TOE 7, Infantry Division, 15
May 1952; TOE 17, Armored Division, 29 Dec 1952; TOE 57, Airborne Division,
1 Jan 1952; James C. Smith, "Centralized Operations," Army
Aviation Digest 1 (Mar 1955): 19-25; Joseph Bonanno, "The Helicopter
in Combat," Ordnance 37 (MarApr 1954): 868-72; Donald F. Harrison,
"A History of Army Aviation," ch. V, pp. 11-20, 25-27, Ms, DAMN-HSR.
-
- 23 TOE 17, Armored Division, 29
Dec 1952; Stubbs and Connor, Armor-Cavalry, pp. 7778; "The T43
Heavy Tank," Armor 63 (May Jun 1954): 32-33; "Army's New
M48 Medium Tank Ready for Distribution to Armor Troops," Armor 61
(May-Jun 1952): 30-31.
-
- 24 Ltr, TAG to CinC, U.S. Army,
Europe, 6 Feb 53, sub: Change in Status of Certain Units, AGAO-I (M) (28
Jan 53) G-1, and Ltr, TAG to CG, U.S. Army Forces, Far East (Main), 9 Feb
53, sub: Change in Status of Certain Units, AGAO-I (M) 322 (4 Feb 53) G-1,
both AG Reference files, DAMH-HSO; OCAFF, "Summary of Major Events
and Problems, FY 1953," ch. 9, pp. 1-18.
-
- 25 DA Bull 23, 1948; Morris J. MacGregor,
Integration of the Armed Forces, pp. 428-59 passim.
-
- 26 MacGregor, Integration of the
Armed Forces, pp. 442-45; Bernard C. Nalty and Morris J.
- MacGregor, Blacks in the Military:
Essential Documents (Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources Inc., 1981),
pp. 309-11; Ltr, TAG to CGs, Third and Fifth Armies, 9 Aug 51, sub: Change
in Status of Certain General Reserve Units, AGAO-I 322 (26 Jul 51) G-1-M,
14th Inf file, DAMH-HSO; "FE Racial Integration Means New Names for
2 Regiments," Army Times, 4 Aug 52.
-
- 27 Public Papers of the Presidents
of the United States, Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1954 (Washington, D.C.:
Government Printing Office, 1960), pp. 121-25; Coakley et al., "Demobilization,"
pp. 8-9.
-
- 28 Coakley et al., "Demobilization,"
pp. 69-72, 85-87.
-
- 29 Eisenhower, Papers of the
Presidents, 1953, pp. 860-61; Coakley et al., "Demobilization,"
pp. 28-29; "Induction and Release of Army National Guard Units,"
pp. 21-24. In 1952 General Mark W. Clark reorganized the Far East Command
as a unified command with U.S. Army Forces, Far East, as the Army's element.
-
- 30 Ltr, TAG to CinC, U.S. Army,
Europe, and CG, First Army, 7 Apr 54, sub: Change in Status of Certain Divisions,
AGAO-I (M) 322 (2 Apr 54) G-1, 9th Inf Div file, Ltr, TAG to CGs, Third
and Fifth Armies, 27 Apr 54, sub: Change in Status of Certain Divisions,
AGAO-I (M) 322 (22 Apr 54) G-1, 8th Inf Div file, Ltr, TAG to CG, Fifth
Army, 27 Apr 54, sub: Reorganization of the 10th Infantry Division, AGAO-1
(M) 322 (22 Apr 54) G-1, 10th Inf Div file, Ltr, TAG to CG, First Army,
23 Apr 54, sub: Activation of the 69th Infantry Division (Training), AGAO-I
(M) 322 (22 Apr 54) G-1, 69th Inf Div file, and Historical Data Cards for
the 5th, 8th, 9th, 28th, 31st, 43d, and 69th Inf Divs and the 101st Abn
Div, all DAMN-HSO.
-
- 31 Semiannal Report of the Secretary
of Defense, 1954, pp. 56-57; Coakley et al., "Demobilization,"
pp. 39-43; Ltr, TAG to CG, Sixth Army, 27 Sep 54, sub: Reorganization of
the 2d Infantry Division, AGAO-I (M) 322 (16 Sep 54) G-1, 2d Inf Div file,
and Ltr, TAG to CG, Third Army, 27 Oct 54, sub: Reorganization of the 3d
Infantry Division, AGAO-I (M) 322 (19 Oct 54) G-1, 3d Inf Div file, both
DAMH-HSO; "Schofield Ready to Welcome 25th Division," Army
Times, 18 Sep 54; "Induction and Release of Army National Guard
Units," pp. 48-58; Report of the Chief of the National Guard Bureau,
1955, pp. 14-15.
-
- 32 Coakley et al., "Demobilization,"
pp. 29-38.
-
- 33 Summary of Major Events and Problems,
FY 1954, OCAFF, ch. 14, pp. 1-4; Ltr, TAG to CG, Fourth Army, 28 May 54,
sub: Activation of the 4th Armored Division, AGAO-I (M) 322 (26 May 54)
G-1, 4th Armd Div file, and Ltr, TAG to CGs, Second Army and Continental
Army Command (CONARC), 9 Mar 55, sub: Change in Status of 3d Armored Division,
AGAO-1 (M) 322 3d Armd Div (8 Mar 55) G-1, 3d Armd Div file, both DAMN-HSO;
"4th Armored Reactivated at Ft. Hood," Army Times, 26 Jun
54; "4th Armd Build-Up Underway," Army Times. 3 Jul 54;
William R. Rock, 3d Armored Division (Spearhead), A History of the 3d
Armored Division (Darmstadt, Germany: Stars and Stripes, 1957), pp.
45-46.
-
- 34 Ltr, TAG to CGs, U.S. Army, Caribbean,
and Third Army, 2 Dec 54, sub: Organization of the 23d Infantry Division,
AGAO-I (M) 322 (17 Nov 54) G-, 23d Inf Div file, and Ltr, CGs, U.S. Army,
Alaska, and Sixth Army, 27 Oct 54, sub: Organization of the 71st Infantry
Division, AGAO-I (M) 322 71st Inf Div (12 Oct 54) G-1, 71st Inf Div file,
both DAMH-HSO; Semiannual Report of the Secretary of the Army, 1 Jul-Dec
54, p. 20; "Scattered from Here to Yon, Two ' Wilson Divisions'
Formed," Army Times, 20 Nov 54.
-
- 35 Coakley et al., "Demobilization,"
pp. 88-89; TOE 7R, Infantry Division, 1955; TOE 17R, Armored Division, 1955;
TOE 57, Airborne Division, 1955; Ltr, TAG to CGs, CONARC, and Second and
Fourth Armies, 23 May 55, sub: Reorganization of 1 st, 3d, and 4th Armored
Divisions, AGAO-I (M) 322 (18 May 55) G-1, Ltr, TAG to CGs, CONARC, and
Third, Fifth, and Sixth Armies, 23 May 55, sub: Reorganization of Certain
Infantry Divisions, AGAO-I (M) 322 (19 May 55) G-1, Ltr, TAG to CGs, CONARC,
and Third Army, 1 Aug 55, sub: Reorganization of the IIth Airborne Division,
AGAO-I (M) 322 (20 Jul 55) G-1, Ltr, TAG to CGs, CONARC and Third Army,
26 May 1955, sub: Reorganization of 82d Airborne Division, AGAO-I (M) 322
(24 May 55) G-1, Ltr, TAG to CinC, U.S. Army, Europe, 9 Sep 55, sub: Confirmation
of Reorganization of Certain Units, AGAO-O (M) 322 (16 Aug 55) G-1, and
Ltr,
- TAG to CG, U.S. Army, Pacific, 5
Mar 56, sub: Change in Status of Certain Units, AGAO-O322 (27 Feb 56) DCSPER
(Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel), all AG Reference files, DAMHHSO;
Historical Data Cards for divisions, DAMH-HSO.
-
- 36 Memo
for Record, sub: Unit Rotation Plan, 23 Feb 54, and Ltr, John E. Dahlquist
to Matthew B. Ridgway, 7 Apr 54, Records of the Army Staff, G-1, 210.21
Feb-Mar 54, RG 319, NARA; "World-wide Unit Rotation," Army
Combat Forces Journal 5 (Nov 1954): 37; Robert N. Young, "Operation
GYROSCOPE, Rotation Plus Stability," Army Information Digest 10
(Mar 1955): 2-6; Historical Division, U.S. Army Europe (USAREUR), Operation
GYROSCOPE in the US Army Europe, 1957, pp. 1-2 (Secret, material used
unclassified), DAMN-HSR.
-
- 37 Historical
Section, USAREUR, Operation GYROSCOPE in the US Army Europe, pp. 2640;
SS, G-1 for CofS, sub: Training Center Designations, Tab A, 15 Dec 55, G-1
S 323.3, Division General file, DAMH-HSO.
-
- 38 Historical
Section, USAREUR, "The Replacement and Augmentation System in Europe
(1945-1963)," pp. 47-48, Ms, DAMH-HSR.
-
- 39 Coakley
et al., "Demobilization," pp. 72-80; U.S. Congress, Senate, Eleventh
Report of the Preparedness Subcommittee of the Committee on Armed Services
of the United States Senate under the Authority of S.Res. 18, 82d Cong.,
1st Sess., Apr 1951; SS, G-1 for CofS, sub: Training Center Designations,
15 Dec 55, SS, DCSPER for CofS, same subject, 27 Jan 56, DCSPER S 323, and
DOD News Release No. 152-56, sub: Army to Stop Using Division Designations
to Identify Training Divisions, 23 Feb 56, all Division General file, DAMN-HSO;
also see unit files of the 101st Abn, 6th and 9th Inf, and 5th and 6th Armd
Divs, DAMH-HSO.
-
- 40 Lit,
TAG to CG, U.S. Army, Caribbean, I Mar 56, sub: Change in Status of Certain
Units, AGAO-O (M) 322 (10 Feb 56) DCSPER, 23d Inf Div file, and Ltr, TAG
to CGs. CONARC and Sixth Army, 6 Sep 56, same subject, AGAO-O 322 (9 Aug
56) DCSPER, 71st Inf Div file, DAMH-HSO.
-
- 41 Memo,
G-1 for G-3, 24 Oct 50, sub: Development of Army's Position in a Complete
Review of Civilian Components Structure, G-1 326 (24 Oct 50), and SS, G-3
for Cots, 5 Apr 51, sub: Development of Army Position in a Complete Review
of Civilian Components Structure, G-3 326 (24 Oct 50), both Army Reserve
file, DAMH-HSO.
-
- 42 SS,
G-3 for CofS, 18 Dec 51, sub: Implementation of the Approved Outline Plan,
Army
- Reserve Forces, 326 (5 Dec 51), Army
Reserve Forces Conference, Department of the Army,
- Army Field Forces, Continental Armies,
Fort Monroe, Virginia, 5-9 Nov 1951, Memo for
- Record, OCofS, 20 Dec 51, sub: Implementation
of the Army Reserve Force Reserve Divisional
- Reorganization, GS 326 (19 Nov 51),
and DA Army Reserve Forces Program Summary, 1 Mar
- 52, all Army Reserve Reference files,
Ltr, TAG to CG, Second Army, 18 Apr 52, sub: Change in
- Status of Certain Army Reserve Divisions,
AGAO-I 322 Army Res (6 Mar 52) G-3-M, Ltr,
- TAG to CG, Third Army, 23 Feb 52,
same subject, AGAO-I 322 Army Res (28 Jan 52), Ltr,
- TAG to CG, Fourth Army, 21 Feb 52,
same subject, AGAO-I 322 Army Res (30 Jan 52) G-3-M,
- Ltr, TAG to CG, Fifth Army, 13 Feb
52, same subject, AGAO-I 326 (25 Jan 52) G -3-M, Ltr,
- TAG to CG, Sixth Army, 22 Feb 52,
same subject, AGAO-I 322 Army Res (29 Jan 52), all AG
- Reference files, and Historical Data
Cards, Army Reserve divisions, all DAMH-HSO. The
- Section Five Committee, established
in 1920, was the vehicle for reserve officers to provide
- input about reserve affairs.
-
- 43 AR
140-305, 1 Feb 1952; DA Bull 7, 1952.
-
- 44 Karl
Cocke, "The Reserve Components," OCMH Study 130, pp. V-38-49,
VI-1-45 passim, Ms, DAMN-RAD; "General Staff Study Leading to the Preparation
of Reserve Components Mobilization Preparedness Objectives Plan I,"
1 Jul 53, DAMH-HSR; Ltr, TAG to CG, First Army, 15 Mar 55, sub: Designation
and Organization of Certain Divisions of the Army Reserve, AGAO-I (M) 322
(21 Feb 55) Army Res, Lit, TAG to CG, Second Army, 19 May 55, same subject,
AGAO-I (M) 322 Army Res (21 Mar 55) Army Res, Lit, TAG to CG, Third Army,
15 Feb 55, sub: Designation and Organization of 108th Infantry Division
(Replacement Training), AGAO-I (M) 322 (9 Feb 55) Army Res, Ltr, TAG to
Fourth Army, 25 Jan 55, sub: Designation and Organization of the 95th Infantry
Division, AGAO-I (M) 322 95th Inf Div (18 Jan 55) Army Res,
and Ltr, TAG to CG, Fifth Army, 23 May 55, sub: Designation and Organization
of Certain Divisions of the Army Reserve, AGAO-I (M) 322 Army Res (11 May
55) Army Res, all AG Reference file, DAMN-HSO; GO 152, Sixth Army, 1955;
Ltr, TAG to CG, Fourth Army, 11 Mar 55, sub: Change in Status of Certain
Army Reserve Units, AGAO-I (M) 322 Army Res (17 Feb 55) Res, and Ltr, TAG
to CGs, CONARC, and Third and Fourth Armies, 10 Jan 57, sub: Change in Status
of Certain Units of the Army Reserve, both AG Reference files, DAMH-HSO.
-
- 45 Ltr, NGB to AG, California, 15
Jun 54, sub: Organization, Conversion, Reorganization, and Redesignation
of National Guard Units (40th Division), NG-AROTO 325.4-Calif (4 Jun 54),
40th Inf Div file, Ltr, NGB to CofS, Div of Military and Naval Affairs,
New York, 15 Dec 54, sub: Organization, Reorganization, Conversion, and
Redesignation, National Guard Units of the 27th Infantry Division to be
the 27th Armored Division, NG-AROTO 325.4-NY (13 Dec 54). 27th Inf Bde file,
Ltr, NGB to AG, Georgia, 17 Oct 55, sub: Allotment, Conversion. Redesignation,
Organization, Reorganization and Withdrawal of Federal Recognition, Army
National Guard Units, NG-AROTO 325.4 (30 Sep 55) GA, GA NG file, Ltr, NG13
to AG. Florida, 17 Oct 55, sub: Allotment, Conversion, Redesignation, Organization,
Reorganization and Withdrawal of Federal Recognition, Army National Guard
Units, NG-AROTO 325.4-Fla, FL NG file, Ltr, NGB to AG, Tennessee, 20 Oct
54, sub: National Guard Troop Allotment (Tennessee), 20 Oct 54, NG-AROTO
325.4-Tenn, TN NG file, and GO 33, North Carolina National Guard, 18 Oct
54, NC state file, DAMH-HSO; Report of the Chief: National Gt«rrd Bureau,
1955, p. 15, and 1956, p. 21.
-
- 46 DA Bull 12, 1955; Crossland and
Currie, Twice the Citizen,
pp. 120-27.
page created 29 June 2001
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