Endnotes for Chapter VII

Endnotes for ChapterVII

1 Paul Y. Hammond, "Super Carriers and B-36 Bombers: Appropriations, Strategy, and Politics," in Harold Stein, ed., American Civil-Military Decisions (University, Ala.: University of Alabama Press, 1963) , pp. 467-89.

2 (1) Hammond, Organizing for Defense, pp. 236-44. (2) Schilling, "The Politics of National Defense: Fiscal Year 1950," pp. 98-109. (3) Samuel P. Huntington, The Common Defense: Strategic Programs in National Politics (New York: Columbia University Press, 1961) , pp. 149-50. (4) Timothy W. Stanley, American Defense and National Security (Washington: Public Affairs Press, 1956) , pp. 84-94.

3 (1) Mosher, Program Budgeting, pp. 32-37. (2) 81st Cong., 1st sess., House Document 86, The National Security Organization-Letter from the Chairman, Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government . . . 28 February 1949 (Washington, 1949) , pages 23-24 list fourteen members of the Eberstadt Task Force, plus a nine-member Military Advisory Committee, and nine consultants of whom six were military officers, one an investment banker, another a journalist, and one an industrialist. Of the task force committee besides Mr. Eberstadt, six were industrialists, three were university presidents, two journalists, one a member of the AEC, and former Secretary of War Patterson.

4 (1) Barry Dean Karl, Executive Reorganization and Reform in the New Deal. (2) Allen Schick, "The Road to PPB: The Stages of Budget Reform," Public Administration Review, XVI, No. 4, December 1966, 243-53. (3) Arthur Smithies, "Conceptual Framework for the Program Budget," in David Novick, ed., Program Budgeting: Programming and Analysis and the Federal Budget (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1965) , pp. 29-34.

5 (1) Cresap, McCormick and Paget Final Report, sec. III, pp. 16-22. (2) Testimony of Wilfred J. McNeil, DOD Comptroller, in U.S. Congress, Department of Defense Appropriations for 1952, Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee of Appropriations, House of Representatives, 82d Cong., 1st less. (Washington, 1951) , pp. 1187-88.

6 (1) Summary of Pertinent Findings . . . by the Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government. Tab H to Tabbed Materials on Improvement of the Organization and Procedures of the Department of the Army, Management Division, OCA, pp. 15-16. (2) Herbert Hoover, "Removing Obstacles to Economy and to Competence in Government," in Citizens Committee for the Hoover Report, The National Reorganization Conference (New York, 1949) , vol. III, sec. 1, p. 8. (3) "Comparison of Deficiencies and Recommendations Noted by the Hoover Commission and by This Report," in Cresap, McCormick and Paget Final Report. (4) Mosher, Program Budgeting, pp. 32-37.

7 Mosher, Program Budgeting, pp. 36-42.

8 (1) William O. Harris, An Appraisal of Military Comptrollership, ICAF Student Thesis No. 59, 31 Mar 61, M61-92, passim. Harris identifies Mr. McNeil on page 60. On page 24 he quotes Mr. McNeil who indicated that the name "Performance Budget" was more or less accidental. Mr. Hoover, Mr. McNeil, and several others in a conference struggled with various names until Mr. Hoover concluded, "You have been talking about measure of performance. Why not call it a Performance Budget?" (2) Mosher, Program Budgeting, p. 37. (3) Charlotte Knight, "Mystery Man of the Pentagon," Colliers (22 January 1954) , pp. 30-36. The quotation from Mr. McNeil is from this article, page 31.

9 Mosher, Program Budgeting, pp. 87-90.

10 (1) Ibid., pp. 124-90. (2) Charles A. Riegle, Program Management in the Department of the Army, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Syracuse University, Jun 53, pp. 134-36. Copy in Army Library.

11 (1) Mosher, Program Budgeting, pp. 50-56. (2) Management Division, OCA. Programming-A Presentation to the General Staff, Jun 49. Tab V to Management Division, OCA, Tabbed Materials on Improvement of Organization and Procedures of the Department. of the Army. (3) Riegle, Program Management, pp. 180-92, 215. (4) Joseph Bykofky, Program Management: A Tool of Command, OCofT, HRO Monograph, 31 Jan 60. (5) Cresap, McCormick and Paget Final Report, sees. 11, pp. 15-16, III, pp. 10-16, and IV, pp. 6-10, 17-36. (6) Field Manual 101-51, Department of the Army Planning System, 22 Sep 49. (7) Special Regulation 10-5-1. Organization and Functions, Department, of the Army, 12 Apr 50. (8) Special Regulation 11-10-1, Army Programs, 25 May 50, revised as Army Programs-Primary Programs of the Army, 13 Sep 50. (9) Ibid., Army Programs-Primary Programs of the Army-Program Structure and Development, 6 Aug 53. (10) Field Manual 101-54, Department of the Army Program Management, 2 Aug 50. (11) Field Manual 101-51, Department of the Army Planning and Programming Manual, 1 Jul 53.

12 (1) Field Manual 101-51, Department of the Army Planning and Programming Manual,1 Oct 57, pp. 15-27. (2) Mosher, Program Budgeting, pp. 60-70.

13 Hitch, Decision-Making for Defense, pp. 23-26.

14 (1) Bykofsky, Program Management, pp. 12-17, is an account at the working level of the difficulties which led the Army to adopt the ACMS instead of its more ambitious Primary Program System. (2) Harris, Military Comptroller, pp. 24-26, 39-40. (3) Hitch, Decision-Making for Defense, pp. 23-27. (4) Fred Hamlin, "Why Frustration at Fort Meade?" Armed Forces Management, vol. VI, No. 10, Jul 60, pp. 27-28, 33. Quotation from p. 33. (5) AR 1-11, 17 Jan 58, Army Management Structure.

15 Flanders Committee Hearings. See especially the Preliminary Report prepared for the committee by Franz Schneider and Carter L. Burgess of 28 July 1953, pages 159-207.

16 Report of the Secretary of the Army's Advisory Committee on Army Organization, 18 Dec 53, pp. 15, 68-69.

17 (1) Harris, Military Comptrollership, pp. 14-16. (2) See, for example, Report of the Industrial Activities Working Group, Prepared for the Advisory Committee on Fiscal Organization and Procedures, Office of the Secretary of Defense, Jul 54, pp. 15-51.

18 (1) Commission of the Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government, Business Organization of the Department of Defense, Report to Congress, Jun 55, pp. 75-83. (2) Harris, Military Comptrollership, p. 10.

19 J. C. Goldberg, Fourth Military Service, Individual Report on Problem No. 233, ICAF Economic Mobilization Course, Procurement Branch, 1951-52, 30 Jan 52, p. 4.

20 Ibid., pp. 1-11.

21 Public Law 253, 80th Cong., 27 July 47 (61 Stat., 495) , Sec. 213.

22 (1) H. D. Linscott, Jr., The Evolution of Integrated Materiel Management in the Department of Defense, ICAF Student Thesis No. 76, M 61-49, 31 Mar 61, pp. 4-14, 101-02. (2) Robert R. Fairburn, Integrated Supply Management in the Department of Defense: Development and Prospects, ICAF Student Thesis No. 48, M 63-96, 29 Mar 63, pp. 4-5, 11-12. (3) Hubert S. Cunningham, The Organization and Management of the Department of Defense Wholesale Supply System, USAWC Student Thesis AWC LOG 61-2-41U, 10 Feb 61, p. 27. (4) 86th Cong., 2d sess., joint Committee Print, Background Materials on Economic Aspects of Military Procurement and Supply. Materials prepared for the Subcommittee on Defense Procurement of the Joint Economic Committee, U.S. Congress, 16 Feb 60, p. 38. Hereafter cited as Douglas Committee, Background Materials.

23 (1) John P. Miller, Pricing of Military Procurement (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1949) , pp. 227-29. (2) Task Force Report on Military Procurement, Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government, June 1955, p. 101. The chairman of the Task Force was Roger W. Wolcott, chairman of the Board of the Lukens Steel Company.

24 (1) Harry B. Yoshpe, The Impact of Unification, 1946-50, OCofT, 15 Nov 55, p. 44. (2) Harry B. Yoshpe, MTMA: Single Managership of CONUS Traffic, OCofT, 6 Aug 56, pp. 1-23.

25 The Hoover Commission Report on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government (New York, 1949) , p. 104.

26 Douglas Committee, Background Materials, pp. 38-39.

27 Memo, Secy of Def for Secys of Army, Navy, and Air Force, Chum, Muns Bd and R&D Bd, 12 Oct 49, sub: Basic Principles Governing Assignment of Logistic Responsibilities, published in JAAF Bulletin 32, 4 Nov 49, sec. 11.

28 (1) Linscott, The Evolution of Integrated Materiel Management, pp. 4-6. (2) Douglas Committee, Background Materials, pp. 38-39.

29 (1) Fairburn, Integrated Supply Management, pp. 6-7. (2) Douglas Committee, Background Materials, pp. 39, 152-61. (3) Rose C. Engelman, MASA-Single Manager,hip of Military Automotive Supplies, U.S. Army Ordnance Tank-Automotive Command, 15 May 61, pp. 10-14.

30 (1) Engelman, MASA, p. 15. (2) Cunningham, DOD Wholesale Supply System, p. 11. (3) Fairburn, Integrated Supply Management, pp. 9-10. (4) Douglas Committee, Background Materials, pp. 231-34.

31 (1) Commission on the Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government, Business Organization of the Department of Defense, Jun 55, pp. 3-52. (2) Engelman, MASA, pp. 16-17. (3) Cunningham, DOD Wholesale Supply System, pp. 30-37. (4) Douglas Committee, Background Materials, p. 40. (5) Fairburn, Integrated Supply Management, pp. 11-14.

32 (1) Office, Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics, The Fourth Service of Supply and Alternatives, Staff Study, 26 Sep. 55. (2) Memo, General Magruder for General Palmer, 5 Oct 55, accompanying completed study. The head of the Task Force was Col. Benjamin L. Pickett of the DCSLOG Business and Industrial Management Office.

33 (1) Robert C. Lanphier, Jr., Single Manager Plan, ICAF Lecture L56-63, 23 Nov 55, p. 42. (2) Cunningham, DOD Wholesale Supply System, pp. 24-27. (3) Linscott, The Evolution of Integrated Materiel Management, pp. 15-17. (4) Engelman, MASA, pp. 17-20. (5) Fairburn, Integrated Supply Management, pp. 15-20.

34 (1) Lanphier, Single Manager Plan, pp. 33-42. (2) Yoshpe, MTMA, pp. 7-9, 13-19, passim. (3) Linscott, The Evolution of Integrated Materiel Management, pp. 16-20.

35 (1) Douglas Committee, Background Materials, pp. 48-51. (2) Engelman, MASA, pp. 16-36. (3) Fairburn, Integrated Supply Management, pp. 28-29. (4) Linscott, The Evolution of Integrated Materiel Management, pp. 20-34, 56-66.

36 (1) Linscott, The Evolution of Integrated Materiel Management, pp. 16-34, 56-66. (2) OSD Project 80, vol. II, pt. IV, ODCSLOG, The Technical Services and Logistical Functions, pp. 139-43. (3) OCofT Senior Staff and Division Chiefs Conference No. 28, 21 Sep 61.

37 Fairburn, Integrated Supply Management, pp. 15-16.

38 Ibid., pp. 23-29.

39 (1) Cunningham, DOD wholesale Supply System, pp. 4-15. (2) Public Law 85-599, 85th Cong., 6 Aug 58.

40 (1) Huntington, The Common Defense, p. 423. (2) Hammond, Organizing for Defense, pp. 288-313, 372. (3) OSD Project 80 (Army), Reconnaissance Report on Changes in the Defense Environment Affecting the Army, 15 Mar 61, pp. 2-7, passim. Mr. Hoelscher's files located in Project 80 files. Hereafter cited as Hoelscher, Changes in Defense Environment. (4) Harris, Military Comptrollership, pp. 35-36. (5) Marshall K. Wood, The Budgetary Process and Defense Policy, Harvard University Defense Policy Seminar, 1957-58, Serial No. 122, 18 Nov 57. (6) Peck and Scherer, The Weapons Acquisition Process, An Economic Analysis.

41 (1) C. W. Borklund, Men in the Pentagon (New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1966) , pp. 198-200. (2) Hammond, Organizing for Defense, pp. 219-98. (3) Hoelscher, Changes in Defense Environment, sec. 2.