Appendix C

Statistics of the Ryukyus Campaign

 

The following tables and charts are included to illustrate certain quantita­tive aspects of the Ryukyus campaign. Unfortunately, data are not available to permit a complete statistical summary of all phases of the campaign. Nevertheless, the data presented serve to indicate statistically the intensity of the fighting on Okinawa and the magnitude of the logistical effort necessary to support this operation.

The material shown in this appendix has been drawn from the most reliable sources. In instances where figures were available from more than one source, and were in conflict, all data were carefully weighed to ensure that the most reliable were used. Figures included in the text, however, were not always given in such sources, since refined summary data usually do not reflect the status of operations as of a given date or at the conclusion of a specific engagement. In such instances the only recourse was to periodic reports, prepared under the stress of battle and subject to revision as more details were learned. For this reason, sources cited in the text, while representing the best available for the data shown, will not always agree with those cited in appendix tables.

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TABLE No. 1

Strength of Army, Marine, and Naval Forces of Tenth Army in the

Ryukyus Campaign, 30 April-30 June 1945 a

Command and Unit	30 April			31 May			30 June
	Total	Offi- cers b	Enlisted men	Total	Offi- cers b	Enlisted men	Total	Offi- cers b	Enlisted men
ARMY	102,250	6,379	95,871	167,971	10,991	156,980	190,301	13,810	176,491
7th Division	15,483	794	14,689	17,263	800	16,463	15,584	798	14,786
27th Division	13,488	722	12,766	12,404	679	11,725	11,624	652	10,972
77th Division	12,000	656	11,344	15,185	766	14,419	12,853	824	12,029
96th Division	13,146	798	12,348	14,220	706	13,514	13,140	751	12,389
Nondivisional Ground Force Units c	38,200	2,591	35,609	55,607	3,512	52,095	60,501	3,847	56,654
Service Forces	8,918	643	8,275	30,053	2,107	27,946	36,764	2,688	34,076
Other d	1,015	175	840	23,239	2,421	20,818	39,835	4,250	35,585
MARINE e	88,500	n. a.	n. a.	58,894	n. a.	n. a.	2,489	n. a.	n. a.
NAVY e	18,000	n. a.	n. a.	21,793	n. a.	n. a.	1,225	n. a.	n. a.

a Figures represent assigned strength rather than actual effective strength. In accordance with WD Circular No. 280, 6 July 1944, hospital patients in the Ryukyus were carried on the rolls of their respective organizations during hospitalization or until completion of the prescribed period of 60 days of total hospitalization.

b Includes warrant officers, flight officers, nurses, dieticians, and physical therapists.

c Includes armored forces, artillery, service units, and headquarters troops that were not specifically assigned to infantry divisions.

d Includes air-force-type units, overhead, replacements, and other miscellaneous units and personnel assigned to the Ryukyus operation and all theater-attached strength.

e Figures shown represent total strength of Marine and Navy units attached to the Tenth Army for the Ryukyus campaign. The marked decline shown for June is the result of reassignment of the units involved rather than of large-scale evacuation of personnel.

n. a. Not available.

 

Source: U. S. War Department Monthly Strength Reports.

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TABLE No. 2

Comparative American and Enemy Major Losses in the Ryukyus Campaign,

1 April-30 June 1945

Nature of Loss	American	Enemy
PERSONNEL
Killed, Total	12,281	a 110,071
Army	b 4,582	n. a.
Marine	b 2,792	n. a.
Navy	4,907	n. a.
Captured	n. a.	c 7,401
AIRCRAFT
Planes Lost, Total	763	7,830
Combat	458	4,155
Operational	305	2,655
Destroyed on Ground	(f)	1,020
SHIPS
Sunk	g 36	16
Damaged	h 368	4

a Data are from USAFWESPAC G-2 Periodic Report No. 15, 26 November-2 December 1945. The figure shown includes an unknown number of Okinawan conscripts and civilians. This, together with possible errors in counting the dead, accounts for the apparent discrepancy between total Japanese casualties and the total Japanese strength of 77,199 at the beginning of the campaign, as shown in Appendix B. 

b Data are from U. S. Tenth Army Action Report Ryukyus, 26 March to 30 June 1945, Vol. 1, Ch. 11, Sec. I, p. 12. Figure for Marine personnel killed includes data for Tactical Air Force.

c Does not include 3,339 unarmed laborers and 15 combat civilians captured. Additional prisoners of war captured after the campaign raised the total to 16,346 by the end of November 1945. 

d Includes 98 from British carriers (2G combat and 72 operational).

e Comprises 3,605 army planes and 4,225 navy planes, of which 850 and 1,050, respectively, were suicide planes. 

f Data are not available to indicate the total number of American planes destroyed on the ground. However, authenticated reports of at least 7 such losses are available (see p. 3G1). 

g Includes 26 sunk by suicide planes. 

h Includes 164 damaged by suicide planes. 

n. a. Not available.

 

Source: United States Strategic Bombing Survey, The Campaigns of the Pacific War, Ch. XIV, Appendix 99, P. 331 except as otherwise indicated.

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TABLE N0. 3

Casualties Sustained by Tenth Army, 1 April-30 June 1945 a

Unit	Total	Battle Casualties				Non-battle Casual-ties
		Total	Killed b	Wounded e	Missing
ALL UNITS	65,631	39,420	7,374	31,807	239	26,211
XXIV Corps	34,736	22,182	4,412	17,689	81	12,554
7th Division	10,893	6,068	1,122	4,943	3	4,825
27th Division	5,224	3,255	711	2,520	24	1,969
77th Division	7,126	5,026	1,018	3,968	40	2,100
96th Division	10,247	7,430	1,506	5,912	12	2,817
Corps Troops	1,246	403	55	346	2	843
III Amphibious Corps	26,724	16,507	2,779	13,609	119	10,217
1st Division	13,002	7,901	1,115	6,745	41	5,101
2d Division d	95	94	7	26	61	1
6th Division	12,815	8,326	1,622	6,689	15	4,489
Corps Troops	812	186	35	149	2	626
Tactical Air Force	520	139	13	99	27	381
Army Garrison Forces e	2,636	383	110	261	12	2,253
Tenth Army troops f	1,015	209	60	149	...............	806

a Data are preliminary. Official casualty data will be released at a later date by the U. S. War Department and the U. S. Marine Corps. Figures shown include data for attached units.

b Includes number that died from wounds.

c Includes number injured in action.

d Except for diversionary activities in the south on 1-2 April, the 2d Marine Division was not actively engaged in the campaign. However, on 16 June, the 8th Regimental Combat Team of the division was landed to provide reinforcement.

e Comprises AGE 331 (Island Command, Okinawa) and AGF 245 (Ie Shima).

f Includes data for Medical Service, distributed as follows: 1 killed, 17 wounded, and 254 nonbattle casualties.

 

Source: U. S. Tenth Army Action Report Ryukyus, 26 March to 30 June 1945, Vol. 1, Ch. 11, Sec. 1, p. 12.

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CHART NO. 1

Tenth Army Weekly Battle Casualties, 1 April-30 June 1945

 

Source; U. S. Tenth Army, G-1 Periodic Reports.

 

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TABLE NO. 4

Troops and Supplier Loaded for the Initial Assault on the Ryukyus a

Unit	Number of Assault Troops			Supplies
	Total	Officers	Enlisted Men	Measurement Tons b			Short Tons
				Total	Vehicles	Cargo	Total	Vehicles	Cargo
ALL UNITS	182,821	10,746	172,075	746,850	503,555	243,295	286,635	129,917	156,718
XXIV Corps	88,415	5,087	83,328	385,691	282,093	103,598	142,634	72,695	69,935
7th Division	21,929	1,150	20,779	95,789	70,382	25,407	34,856	18,272	16,584
27th Division	16,143	970	15,173	62,151	38,737	23,414	23,739	10,445	13,294
77th Division	20,981	1,170	19,811	99,999	76,698	23,301	34,936	18,271	16,665
96th Division	22,330	1,256	21,074	85,066	63,708	21,358	34,302	17,381	16,927
Corps Troops	7,032	541	6,491	42,686	32,568	10,118	14,801	8,326	6,475
III Amphibious Corps	85,247	4,595	80,652	294,430	189,934	104,496	112,240	49,449	62,797
1st Division	26,274	1,401	24,873	80,765	48,585	32,180	31,463	14,226	17,237
2d Division d	22,195	1,183	21,012	57,883	36,833	21,050	22,971	9,554	13,417
6th Division	24,356	1,294	23,062	78,748	52,267	26,481	28,031	12,564	15,467
Corps Troops	12,422	717	11,705	77,034	52,249	24,785	29,775	13,105	16,670
Tactical Air Force	3,172	390	2,782	23,879	11,578	12,301	9,849	2,296	7,553
Tenth Army Troops	5,417	628	4,789	21,806	13,091	8,715	9,533	4,157	5,376
Miscellaneous Units c	570	46	524	21,044	6,859	14,185	12,379	1,320	11,059

a Does not include data for first echelon garrison force comprising 11,031 men and 77,717 measurement tons (26,160 short tons) of supplies. Figures shown include data for attached units, grouped according to the corps or division to which assigned.

b Unit of volume used for measuring cargo, based on 40 cubic feet of shipping space per ton.

c Includes units and supplies for Military Government, Naval Air Base, Air Defense Command, and naval resupply.

 

Source: Commander Task Force 51, Commander Amphibious Forces U. S. Pacific Fleet. Report on Okinawa Gunto Operation from 17 February to 17 May 1945. Pt. V, Sec. 1.

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TABLE NO.5

Personnel and Supplier Loaded for Assault and for First Echelon Garrison in 
the Ryukyus Campaign, by Point of Embarkation a

Point of Embarkation	Number of Ships	Number of Troops	Supplies
			Measurement Tons	Short Tons
TOTAL	458	193,852	824,567	312,795
Leyte	186	71,163	320,148	117,884
Guadalcanal-Espiritu-Russells	159	74,970	285,279	108,435
Saipan-Tinian-Guam	61	31,771	119,673	47,446
Oahu	39	12,837	69,423	26,762
San Francisco-Seattle b	13	3,111	30,044	12,268

a Includes data for first echelon garrison force comprising 21 ships carrying 11,031 men and 77,717 measure­ment tons (26,160 short tons) of supplies.

b Includes minor quantities loaded at Roi.

 

Source: Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Amphibious Operations-Capture of Okinawa (Ryukyus Operations), 27 March to 21 June 1945, Ch. VII, "Logistics," p. 7-24.

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TABLE NO.6

Comparison of Estimated Capacities for Unloading at Okinawa Beaches and

Quantities Actually Unloaded, 1 April-30 June 1945 a

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