Endnotes for Chapter III
1 (1) Paper [evidently prepared by OPD SS, late Apr 43], title: U.S.-Br
Strategy, with Paper 43 in ABC 381 (9-25-41), VII. (2) Memo, OPD for
Marshall, 19 Apr 43, no sub, Paper 36 in ABC 381 (9-25-41), VII (3)
Paper, title: General Wedemeyer's Idea [late Apr 43], with Paper 41 in
ABC 381 (9-25-41), VII.
2 Memo, F. D. R. [Roosevelt] for Marshall, 8 Mar 43, Item 54, Exec 10 .
3 Memo, G. C. M. for Handy, 30 Mar 43, no sub, WDCSA 381 (Super Secret),
I. The Chief of Staff stated that the President had indicated to him that
the British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Anthony Eden, was more
concerned about getting Allied troops into the Balkans than into France.
General Marshall believed, however, that Eden wished the movement into
France to be executed in any event.
4
Memo, Col William H. Baumer, Jr., for Col Blizzard, 27 Nov 42, sub:
Comparison of Bases for Initiation of Major Offensive Against the Axis,
Item 20, OPD Hist Unit File.
5
Memo, Wedemeyer for DCofS, 28 Apr 43, sub: Rpt of Mission Headed by
Gen Devers, OPD 381 Security, 118.
6
Memo, Ferenbaugh for DCofS, 30 Apr 43, sub: Rpt of Mission Headed by
Lt Gen [Jacob L.] Devers, OPD 381 Security, 118.
7 Paper, no date, title: Strategy Requires an army of Over
Eight Millions, appended to informal memo, Col Thomas North, Chief Current
Sec OPD, for Gen Handy, 14 Feb 43, no sub, Paper 83, Book 7, Exec 8. Colonel
North rewrote parts of the text of this SOS paper, prepared for presentation
to the Senate Military Affairs Committee.
8 Memo, Handy for CofS, 8 Mar 43, sub: Heavy Bombers for Russia, Item
56, Exec 10.
9 A full discussion of the origins and contents of the CBO plan
presented by General Eaker is contained in Craven and Cate, AAF II, Ch.
11.
10 Memo, Marshall for Arnold, 30 Apr 43, sub: Bombing Out of U.K., with
Paper 19 in Book 10, Exec 8.
11 Memo, Arnold for Marshall, 1 May 43, sub: Bombing Out of the U.K.,
Paper 19, Book 10, Exec 8.
12 (1) OPD brief, title: Notes . . . 77th JCS mtg, 4 May 43, Plan for Combined Bomber Offensive From the
U.K. (JCS 277 and JCS 277/1), with JCS 277/1 in ABC 381 U.K. (1-20-43), 1.
(2) Memo, Col Andrew J. MacFarland, Secy JPS, for Cols Reuben Kyle, Jr., and R. H.
Kelly, Capt C. R. Brown, USN, and Lt Col John B. Cary, 29 Apr 43, sub:
Plan for Combined Bomber Offensive From the U.K., with JPS 174/D in ABC
381 U.K. (1-20-43), 1. (3) JPS 174/1, 2 May 43, title: Plan for Combined
Bomber Offensive From the U.K. (4) Min," 77th mtg JCS, 4 May 43.
13 (1) Memo, A. C. W. [Wedemeyer) for Blizzard, 1 Apr 43,
sub: Premature HUSKY, with Tab SS 51 in ABC 381 SS Papers, Nos, 2-95 . (7 Jan 43). (2)
Memo, Wedemeyer for Joint Strategic Committee, 13 Apr 43, sub: Modified
HUSKY, with Tab 12 in ABC 301 HUSKY (1943), 1-B.
14 (1) SS 53, 3 Apr 43, title: Advanced HUSKY. Tab SS 53, ABC 381 SS
Papers, Nos. 2-95 (7 Jan 43). (2) SS 53/1 [11 Apr 43], title: Modified
HUSKY Prior to the Expulsion of Axis Forces From Africa, Tab SS 53/1,
ABC 381 SS Papers, Nos. 2-95 (7 Jan 43). (3) Memo, Hull, Actg ACofS OPD,
for CofS, 12 Apr 43, sub: Modified HUSKY, Tab 12, ABC 381 HUSKY (1943),
1-B. (4) Memo, Capt Forrest B. Royal, USN, for Secy JPS, 14 Apr 43, sub:
Possible Modification of Operation "HUSKY," Tab 14, ABC 381 HUSKY
(1943), 1-B. (5) Min, 74th mtg JCS, 13 Apr 43. (6) Memo, JPS for CofS,
Gen Arnold, Adms Leahy and King, 19 Apr 43, sub: Modified HUSKY, Tab
16, ABC 381 HUSKY (1943), 1-B.
(7) Memo, JPS for Gen Marshall, Adms Leahy and King, Gen Arnold, l9 Apr
43, no sub, Tab 17, ABC 381 HUSKY (1943), 1-B.
15 (1) BIGOT-HUSKY msg, Chief OPD to Chief Planning Gp,
HUSKY, 18 Apr 43, CM-OUT 7685, 7686, 7687. The msg was dispatched in three
parts. (2) Memo, Marshall for Deane, 21 Apr 43, Item 69, Exec l0. The memo
contains msg from Marshall to be forwarded to Prime Minister.
16 For the exchange with the British, see especially: (1) ltr,
Brigadier J. K. McNair, Br Joint Staff Mission, Washington, D. C., to
Gen Wedemeyer, 29 Apr 43, with Tab 16 in ABC 381 HUSKY (1943), 1-B; (2)
pers ltr with incl, McNair to Wedemeyer, 4 May 43, Item 15, Exec 3; (3)
ltr, Wedemeyer to McNair, 5 May 43, with Tab 16 in ABC 381 HUSKY (1943),
1-B; and (4) memo, Hull, Actg ACofS OPD, for CofS, 6 May 43, sub: Br COS
Views on Advanced HUSKY, with Tab 6 in ABC 381 HUSKY
(1 943), 1-B.
17 Msg (originator OPD), Marshall to Eisenhower, 30 Apr
43, CM-OUT 12411
18 Min, Both mtg JCS, 12 May 43.
19 In approving this plan, the CCS retained the 10 July date, previously
recommended by General Eisenhower and accepted by them in early April.
For a discussion by General Eisenhower of the evolution of the plan for
HUSKY and its acceptance, see: Allied Force Headquarters, Commander in
Chief's Dispatch, Sicilian Campaign, 1943, n. d. (hereafter cited as
Eisenhower rpt, Sicilian Campaign), pp. 3-4, 7-11, OPD 319.1 ETO (4 Aug
44).
20 Memo, Hull for Marshall, 3 May 3, no sub, Item 15,
Exec 3.
21 (1) SS study, 17 Mar 43, title: A Study of the Effects
of Operations and Occurrences Since the Casablanca Conferences on the
Strategic Concept and Operations Proposed for 1943, Paper 20, ABC 381
(9-25-41), VI. (2) SS 54/1, 8 Apr 43, title: United Nations Courses of
Action Subsequent to HUSKY, Tab SS 54/1, ABC 381 SS Papers, Nos. 2-95 (7 Jan
43).
22 SS 54/2 [12 Apr 43], title: United Nations Courses of
Action Subsequent to HUSKY, Tab SS 54/2, ABC 381 SS Papers, Nos. 2-95 (7 Jan
43).
23 SS 79, 28 Apr 13, title: Global Estimate of the Situation, Tab D
Strategy. TRIDENT Revision of SYMBOL: Casablanca Books, Vol. 1 (1 May
43), Exec 6.
24 (1) Memo, OPD for Marshall, 19 Apr 43, no sub, Paper 36, ABC 381
(9-25-41), VIII. (2) Paper [evidently prepared in OPD), late April
1943], sub: U.S.-Br Strategy, with Paper 43 in ABC 381 (9-25-41), VII.
(3) A detailed discussion of the decision that led to the substitution
of TORCH for BOLERO is contained in Matloff and Snell, Strategic
Planning: 1941-42, Chs. XII-XIII.
25 (1) JCS 291, 7 May 43, and JCS 291/1, 8 May 43, title:
Invasion of the European Continent From the U.K. in 1943-44. (2) JCS 293, 7
May 43, title: Limited Operations in the Mediterranean in 1943-44. (3) Min,
78th mtg JCS, May 43.
26 Msg, Eisenhower to Marshall (action copy OPD), 19 Apr
43, CM-IN 11606.
27 BIGOT-HUSKY msg (originator OPD), Marshall to
Eisenhower, 27 Apr 43, CM-OUT 11068. The message represented the final
version of a draft communication prepared by OPD and slightly revised by the
Chief of Staff. For the preliminary drafts, see: (1) OPD draft msg [CofS to
Eisenhower], 26 Apr 43, with Tab SS 53/1 in ABC 381 SS Papers, Nos. 2-95 (7
Jan 43); (2) OPD draft msg [Marshall to Eisenhower], 27 Apr 43, incl to
memo, Col Frank N. Roberts for Gen Wedemeyer for Gen Hull, 26 Apr 43, no
sub, Item 10, Exec 3.
28 SS study 17 Mar 43, title: A Study of the Effects of
Operations and Occurrences Since the Casablanca Conferences on the Strategic
Concept and Operations Proposed for 1943, Paper 20, ABC 381 (9-25-41), VI.
The Strategy Section based its shipping estimates on figures submitted by
Office, Chief of Transportation.
29 Memo, Gen Wederneyer, Chief S&P Gp OPD, for Maj Gen Muir S.
Fairchild, 2 Apr 43, sub: Comments on the joint Strategic Survey
Committee's Paper "Operations Subsequent to HUSKY," Tab 6, ABC 381
HUSKY (1948), 1-B. The JSSC proposal for a simultaneous employment of
British-U.S. forces from the United Kingdom and the Mediterranean in a
three-pronged offensive against France was regarded by the chief Army
planner as a "challenging subject" warranting continuous study.
30 See Ch. V, below.
31 Memo, OPD for Marshall, 19 Apr 43, no sub, Paper 36, ABC 381
(9-25-41), VII.
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