1. United Netherlands, II, 117; III, 31, 187.
2. See, for example, Parkman's conclusion to Montcalm and Wolfe, II, 413-14. Motley, "Balzac," N.A.R., LXV, 91-92; Four Questions for the People, at the Presidential Election (Boston, 1868), pp. 52-53.
3. Bancroft, History, I, 397. Cf. Prescott, Peru, II, 467-68.
4. Ralph Waldo Emerson, Representative Men, in The Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson, 4 vols. in one (New York: Tudor, n.d.), II, 369. All further citations of Emerson refer to this edition.
5. History, II, 21. Cf. Prescott, Peru, II, 180.
6. Bancroft, History, VIII, 248-49; VI, 324. Motley, Dutch Republic, III, 126-27, 621. Bancroft, History, VIII, 463. Prescott, Ferdinand and Isabella, II, 65, 75-76; III, 439. Parkman, Montcalm and Wolfe, I, 8-9.
7. There are well over fifty examples of such phrases, with Prescott by far the leader in their use; examples of the idea are even more numerous. I cite only a few. Ferdinand and Isabella, III, 51, 78, 130, 162-63, 196. Motley, Dutch Republic, I, 178-79; II, 568-71. United Netherlands, I, 216, 218; IV, 31-32, 38-39. Parkman, Montcalm and Wolfe, II, 89-90, 266, 277. Bancroft, History, IV, 312; IX, 97-99, 120.
8. United Netherlands, 1, 314.
9. History, VIII, 117.
10. Ibid., VI, 302, n. 1; 300-301. Cf. Bancroft's letter to Samuel Eliot about his own experiences, October 12, 1821, Bancroft Papers, MHS. The best novel of Cooper's in which to find the explicit statement of all these virtues is, of course, The Pioneers.
11. History, VII, 369-70. Cf. Curtis P. Nettels, The Roots of American Civilization (New York, 1946), p. 682.
12. See Parkman, The Oregon Trail: Sketches of Prairie and Rocky-Mountain Life (Boston, 1894), pp. xi, 11-13. Châtillot, Parkman said, "was a proof of what unaided nature will sometimes do" (p. 13). Henry Nash Smith, Virgin Land: The American West as Symbol and Myth (Cambridge, Mass., 1950), pp. 64-68.
13. Conspiracy of Pontiac, I, 158, 159; Montcalm and Wolfe, I, 431; Conspiracy of Pontiac, I, 161-62.
14. History, IV, 108; IX,217; IV, 110-11. Montcalm and Wolfe, II, 132.
15. Ferdinand and Isabella, I, 83.
16. United Netherlands, I, 46-47,48, 50.
17. Dutch Republic, II, 399; Ferdinand and Isabella, III, 185-86. For the leaders' willingness to share hardships with the men, see Montcalm and Wolfe, II, 90; Ferdinand and Isabella, III, 130; Bancroft, History, IX, 99; Motley, United Netherlands, IV, 31-32.
18. Ferdinand and Isabella, I, 85, 97-98.
19. Ibid., II, 128. Cf. p. 132: Columbus' original reception at court was "such as naturally flowed from the benevolent spirit of Isabella."
20. Ibid., I, 248.
21. Ibid., II, 41-42.
22. Ibid., pp. 64-65, 75.
23. Ibid., III, 169-72, 181, 183-202.
24. Ibid., II, 77.
25. Ibid., p. 78.
26. Ibid., III, 172.
27. Ibid., pp. 397, 392, 398-99.
28. See Mario Praz, The Romantic Agony, trans. Angus Davidson, 2d ed. (New York, 1951), chap. iv.
29. Ferdinand and Isabella, III, 197-98.
30. Ibid., pp. 198-202. Cf. Motley's portrait, above, p. 16.
31. History, VII, 396; IX, 217-18, 120.
32. Ibid., V, 405; IV, 338; V, 437.
33. Bancroft recognized that Americans had a predilection for full-blown oratory. In 1820, he admitted that his German audience had been surprised when he declaimed his doctoral speech "in the American style"; some years later, he described an American lady's criticism that the language and manner of one of his speeches had been too restrained for good oratory. Letter to Andrews Norton, September 16, 1820; letter to his wife, December 31, 1842; both in Bancroft Papers, MHS.
34. History, VII, 274-75; V, 335, 391. Parkman, Montcalm and Wolfe, I, 8-9. Motley, Dutch Republic, III, 621.
35. The words are Parkman's, Montcalm and Wolfe, II, 188-89. See ibid., pp. 79, 184-86, 216; Bancroft, History, IV, 316, 332, 296.
36. Motley, Dutch Republic, II, 244. Parkman, Montcalm and Wolfe, II, 89-90.
37. Bancroft, History, IV, 418; VIII, 462-68 (italics mine). Jefferson's letter to Adams (August 15, 1820) is quoted in Boorstin, Lost World, p. 129. Elsewhere (IX, 60) Bancroft remarks that the Declaration was "ratified not by congress only, but by the instincts and intuitions of the nation."
38. Dutch Republic, II, 248; Bancroft, History, IV, 314; Prescott, Ferdinand and Isabella, III, 192; Dutch Republic, I, 497-501.
39. III, 620, 623, 589, 622.
40. United Netherlands, II, 100.
41. Motley, Dutch Republic, I, 441-42; cf. United Netherlands, I, 50-51.
42. Bancroft, History, IX, 218; Motley, Dutch Republic, II, 40.
43. Ibid., p. 242.
44. Ibid., p. 245.
45. Ibid., p. 457; III, 627, 454. Cf. Prescott, Mexico, II, 371-72, 374; Ferdinand and Isabella, III, 195.
46. Dutch Republic, II, 64-69; Morton's Hope, II, 62-65. In the novel, Vassall Deane, a silent, self-possessed man who looks down with contempt on the town's petty and tyrannical authorities, chivalrously protects them from the rabble at the risk of his own life. His "eloquence" has the same effect as William's, whereupon he reverts to his usual impressive silence.
47. Bancroft, History, III, 165, 166, 170, 173. Cf. Washington Irving, A History of the Life and Voyages Of Christopher Columbus (New York, 1848), I, 24-27, 30; II, 292-93; Bancroft, History, I, 6-7. Prescott, Ferdinand and Isabella, III, 242-45. Cf. Emerson, Works, II, 374-75.
48. La Salle and the Discovery of the Great West, 11th ed. (Boston, 1894), pp. 75, 108, 143, 169-70, 174, 188, 263.
49. Ibid., 290, 307, 310, 311. Cf. Prescott, Ferdinand and Isabella, III, 242-45, where Columbus' imagination "feeds too exclusively on this lofty theme."
50. La Salle, 319-20, 350, 360, 361, 385, 400, 392.
51. Motley, John of Barneveld, 1, 50. See United Netherlands, IV, 38-39. The Manfred lines are from The Works of Lord Byron, ed. Thomas Moore (London and Boston, n.d.), I, 16.
52. Montcalm and Wolfe, II, 42, 46, 389; I, 19-20; II, 39; Motley, United Netherlands, I, 45-46. Montcalm and Wolfe, II, 39.
53. History, VI, 25, 61, 453; Montcalm and Wolfe, II, 406-7. Bancroft's Pitt is "the noblest representative and type" of England. IV, 247. Parkman says that George III "had begun to hate [Pitt] as a lion in his path." Montcalm and Wolfe, II, 392.
54. Parkman, Frontenac, pp. 14-15, 1, 208, 51, 186, 406, 426; Montcalm and Wolfe, II, 46.
55. History, IV, 314; X, 86.
56. Howard Doughty, "Parkman's Dark Years," in Harvard Library Bulletin, IV, pp. 82 ff.
57. Vassal Morton, pp. 292, 362. Cf. Motley, Morton's Hope, II, 183.
58. Jesuits, p. 98. See below, Chapter V.
59. Ibid., p. 146.
60. Ferdinand and Isabella, III, 425-26, 301. Cf. Preseott's comment on Gonsalvo de Cordova, ibid., p. 130.
61. United Netherlands, I, 170-71.
62. Ibid., pp. 137-38.
63. Prescott thought the page headings in The Rise of the Dutch Republic were too dramatic. See his letter to Motley, April 28, 1856, in Correspondence of . . . Motley, I, 192; Motley, United Netherlands, I, 134.
64. United Netherlands, I, 135; cf. ibid., p. 163. ibid., pp. 170-71.
65. Dutch Republic, III, 144-45. Cf. Prescott, Ferdinand and Isabella, III, 377-78.
66. Montcalm and Wolfe, II, 413-14. Cf. Emerson, Works, II, 400. Eric Goldman uses the phrase "happy sense of escape" when he says that the Brahmin historians found democratic America offensive. See "The Historians," in Literary History of the United States, ed. R. E. Spiller et al. (New York, 1948), I, 529.
67. United Netherlands, IV, 483; John of Barneveld, I, 12; II, 114-15, 165. Cf. United Netherlands, I, 314; IV, 50.
68. Motley to his mother, September 8, 1862, in Correspondence, II, 90. Cf. his letter to her on August 18, 1862, Ibid., p. 82.
69. Letter from Motley to O. W. Holmes the elder (November 14, 1861, Ibid., p. 42): "I do not regret that Wendell is with the army. It is a noble and healthy symptom that brilliant, intellectual, poetical spirits like his spring to arms when a noble cause like ours inspires them. The race of Philip Sidneys is not yet extinct, and I honestly believe that as much genuine chivalry exists in our Free States at this moment as there is or ever was in any part of the world, from the Crusaders down." Cf. letter from Parkman to the Boston Daily Advertiser, September 4, 1861, in which he defended the bravery of sons of "cultivated New England" families.
Motley, Four Questions for the People, pp. 67-69. He tried to combine the grandeur of Grant's accomplishment with his simplicity of character. For Motley's comments on Bismarck see "Historic Progress," in Representative Selections, p. 108. See below, p. 87.
70. Letter to his daughter Mary, June 22, 1862, in Correspondence, II, 78. In a letter to his mother (August 3, 1864), he characterized Lincoln in these terms: "I venerate Abraham Lincoln exactly because he is the true honest type of American Democracy. There is nothing of the shabby genteel, the would-be-but-couldn't-be fine gentleman; he is the great American Demos, honest, shrewd, homely, wise, humorous, cheerful, brave, blundering occasionally, but through blunders struggling onward toward what he believes the right" (Ibid., p. 170). Motley's remark about Southern valor appears in "Historic Progress," in Representative Selections, p. 105; see also Four Questions for the People, pp. 21-22.
71. Dutch Republic, III, 616; I, 143-44. John of Barneveld, I, 31; II, 112-13. Montcalm and Wolfe, I, vi.
72. Montcalm and Wolfe, I, 198. Bancroft, History, III, 377, 378, 396. Bancroft praised Jared Sparks for firmly upholding Franklin's reputation. Letter to Sparks, March 13, 1853, Bancroft Papers, MHS. Franklin, Bancroft said, "discerned intuitively the identity of the laws of nature with those of which humanity is conscious." History, III, 378.
Prescott, Ferdinand and Isabella, III, 46-49. Motley, United Netherlands, I, 359. Bancroft, History, IV, 155.