Lansford W. Hastings'
The Emigrants' Guide to Oregon and California
.
** INDEX **
.
[Last updated: March 29, 1998]
 
Chapter I     =  pp. 5-10 
Chapter II    = pp. 11-22 
Chapter III   = pp. 23-33 
Chapter IV   = pp. 34-41 
Chapter V    = pp. 42-52 
Chapter VI   = pp. 53-63 
Chapter VII  = pp. 64-68 
Chapter VIII = pp. 69-80 
Chapter IX    = pp. 81-91 
Chapter X     = pp. 92-101 
Chapter XI    = pp. 102-111 
Chapter XII   = pp. 112-123 
Chapter XIII  = pp. 123-133 
Chapter XIV  = pp. 134-142 
Chapter XV   = pp. 143-152 
. 
    ***************** 
Chapter I     =  pp. 5-10 
Chapter II    = pp. 11-22 
Chapter III   = pp. 23-33 
Chapter IV   = pp. 34-41 
Chapter V    = pp. 42-52 
Chapter VI   = pp. 53-63 
Chapter VII  = pp. 64-68 
Chapter VIII = pp. 69-80 
Chapter IX    = pp. 81-91 
Chapter X     = pp. 92-101 
Chapter XI    = pp. 102-111 
Chapter XII   = pp. 112-123 
Chapter XIII  = pp. 123-133 
Chapter XIV  = pp. 134-142 
Chapter XV   = pp. 143-152 
. 
    ***************** 
Chapter I     =  pp. 5-10 
Chapter II    = pp. 11-22 
Chapter III   = pp. 23-33 
Chapter IV   = pp. 34-41 
Chapter V    = pp. 42-52 
Chapter VI   = pp. 53-63 
Chapter VII  = pp. 64-68 
Chapter VIII = pp. 69-80 
Chapter IX    = pp. 81-91 
Chapter X     = pp. 92-101 
Chapter XI    = pp. 102-111 
Chapter XII   = pp. 112-123 
Chapter XIII  = pp. 123-133 
Chapter XIV  = pp. 134-142 
Chapter XV   = pp. 143-152 
. 
    ***************** 
Chapter I     =  pp. 5-10 
Chapter II    = pp. 11-22 
Chapter III   = pp. 23-33 
Chapter IV   = pp. 34-41 
Chapter V    = pp. 42-52 
Chapter VI   = pp. 53-63 
Chapter VII  = pp. 64-68 
Chapter VIII = pp. 69-80 
Chapter IX    = pp. 81-91 
Chapter X     = pp. 92-101 
Chapter XI    = pp. 102-111 
Chapter XII   = pp. 112-123 
Chapter XIII  = pp. 123-133 
Chapter XIV  = pp. 134-142 
Chapter XV   = pp. 143-152 
. 
    ***************** 
Chapter I     =  pp. 5-10 
Chapter II    = pp. 11-22 
Chapter III   = pp. 23-33 
Chapter IV   = pp. 34-41 
Chapter V    = pp. 42-52 
Chapter VI   = pp. 53-63 
Chapter VII  = pp. 64-68 
Chapter VIII = pp. 69-80 
Chapter IX    = pp. 81-91 
Chapter X     = pp. 92-101 
Chapter XI    = pp. 102-111 
Chapter XII   = pp. 112-123 
Chapter XIII  = pp. 123-133 
Chapter XIV  = pp. 134-142 
Chapter XV   = pp. 143-152 
. 
    ***************** 
Chapter I     =  pp. 5-10 
Chapter II    = pp. 11-22 
Chapter III   = pp. 23-33 
Chapter IV   = pp. 34-41 
Chapter V    = pp. 42-52 
Chapter VI   = pp. 53-63 
Chapter VII  = pp. 64-68 
Chapter VIII = pp. 69-80 
Chapter IX    = pp. 81-91 
Chapter X     = pp. 92-101 
Chapter XI    = pp. 102-111 
Chapter XII   = pp. 112-123 
Chapter XIII  = pp. 123-133 
Chapter XIV  = pp. 134-142 
Chapter XV   = pp. 143-152 
. 
    ***************** 
Chapter I     =  pp. 5-10 
Chapter II    = pp. 11-22 
Chapter III   = pp. 23-33 
Chapter IV   = pp. 34-41 
Chapter V    = pp. 42-52 
Chapter VI   = pp. 53-63 
Chapter VII  = pp. 64-68 
Chapter VIII = pp. 69-80 
Chapter IX    = pp. 81-91 
Chapter X     = pp. 92-101 
Chapter XI    = pp. 102-111 
Chapter XII   = pp. 112-123 
Chapter XIII  = pp. 123-133 
Chapter XIV  = pp. 134-142 
Chapter XV   = pp. 143-152 
. 
    ***************** 
Chapter I     =  pp. 5-10 
Chapter II    = pp. 11-22 
Chapter III   = pp. 23-33 
Chapter IV   = pp. 34-41 
Chapter V    = pp. 42-52 
Chapter VI   = pp. 53-63 
Chapter VII  = pp. 64-68 
Chapter VIII = pp. 69-80 
Chapter IX    = pp. 81-91 
Chapter X     = pp. 92-101 
Chapter XI    = pp. 102-111 
Chapter XII   = pp. 112-123 
Chapter XIII  = pp. 123-133 
Chapter XIV  = pp. 134-142 
Chapter XV   = pp. 143-152 
    ***************** 
Chapter I     =  pp. 5-10 
Chapter II    = pp. 11-22 
Chapter III   = pp. 23-33 
Chapter IV   = pp. 34-41 
Chapter V    = pp. 42-52 
Chapter VI   = pp. 53-63 
Chapter VII  = pp. 64-68 
Chapter VIII = pp. 69-80 
Chapter IX    = pp. 81-91 
Chapter X     = pp. 92-101 
Chapter XI    = pp. 102-111 
Chapter XII   = pp. 112-123 
Chapter XIII  = pp. 123-133 
Chapter XIV  = pp. 134-142 
Chapter XV   = pp. 143-152 
. 
    ***************** 
Chapter I     =  pp. 5-10 
Chapter II    = pp. 11-22 
Chapter III   = pp. 23-33 
Chapter IV   = pp. 34-41 
Chapter V    = pp. 42-52 
Chapter VI   = pp. 53-63 
Chapter VII  = pp. 64-68 
Chapter VIII = pp. 69-80 
Chapter IX    = pp. 81-91 
Chapter X     = pp. 92-101 
Chapter XI    = pp. 102-111 
Chapter XII   = pp. 112-123 
Chapter XIII  = pp. 123-133 
Chapter XIV  = pp. 134-142 
Chapter XV   = pp. 143-152 
. 
    ***************** 
Chapter I     =  pp. 5-10 
Chapter II    = pp. 11-22 
Chapter III   = pp. 23-33 
Chapter IV   = pp. 34-41 
Chapter V    = pp. 42-52 
Chapter VI   = pp. 53-63 
Chapter VII  = pp. 64-68 
Chapter VIII = pp. 69-80 
Chapter IX    = pp. 81-91 
Chapter X     = pp. 92-101 
Chapter XI    = pp. 102-111 
Chapter XII   = pp. 112-123 
Chapter XIII  = pp. 123-133 
Chapter XIV  = pp. 134-142 
Chapter XV   = pp. 143-152 
. 
    ***************** 
Chapter I     =  pp. 5-10 
Chapter II    = pp. 11-22 
Chapter III   = pp. 23-33 
Chapter IV   = pp. 34-41 
Chapter V    = pp. 42-52 
Chapter VI   = pp. 53-63 
Chapter VII  = pp. 64-68 
Chapter VIII = pp. 69-80 
Chapter IX    = pp. 81-91 
Chapter X     = pp. 92-101 
Chapter XI    = pp. 102-111 
Chapter XII   = pp. 112-123 
Chapter XIII  = pp. 123-133 
Chapter XIV  = pp. 134-142 
Chapter XV   = pp. 143-152 
. 
    ***************** 
Chapter I     =  pp. 5-10 
Chapter II    = pp. 11-22 
Chapter III   = pp. 23-33 
Chapter IV   = pp. 34-41 
Chapter V    = pp. 42-52 
Chapter VI   = pp. 53-63 
Chapter VII  = pp. 64-68 
Chapter VIII = pp. 69-80 
Chapter IX    = pp. 81-91 
Chapter X     = pp. 92-101 
Chapter XI    = pp. 102-111 
Chapter XII   = pp. 112-123 
Chapter XIII  = pp. 123-133 
Chapter XIV  = pp. 134-142 
Chapter XV   = pp. 143-152 
. 
    ***************** 
Chapter I     =  pp. 5-10 
Chapter II    = pp. 11-22 
Chapter III   = pp. 23-33 
Chapter IV   = pp. 34-41 
Chapter V    = pp. 42-52 
Chapter VI   = pp. 53-63 
Chapter VII  = pp. 64-68 
Chapter VIII = pp. 69-80 
Chapter IX    = pp. 81-91 
Chapter X     = pp. 92-101 
Chapter XI    = pp. 102-111 
Chapter XII   = pp. 112-123 
Chapter XIII  = pp. 123-133 
Chapter XIV  = pp. 134-142 
Chapter XV   = pp. 143-152 
. 
    ***************** 
Chapter I     =  pp. 5-10 
Chapter II    = pp. 11-22 
Chapter III   = pp. 23-33 
Chapter IV   = pp. 34-41 
Chapter V    = pp. 42-52 
Chapter VI   = pp. 53-63 
Chapter VII  = pp. 64-68 
Chapter VIII = pp. 69-80 
Chapter IX    = pp. 81-91 
Chapter X     = pp. 92-101 
Chapter XI    = pp. 102-111 
Chapter XII   = pp. 112-123 
Chapter XIII  = pp. 123-133 
Chapter XIV  = pp. 134-142 
Chapter XV   = pp. 143-152 
. 
    ***************** 
Chapter I     =  pp. 5-10 
Chapter II    = pp. 11-22 
Chapter III   = pp. 23-33 
Chapter IV   = pp. 34-41 
Chapter V    = pp. 42-52 
Chapter VI   = pp. 53-63 
Chapter VII  = pp. 64-68 
Chapter VIII = pp. 69-80 
Chapter IX    = pp. 81-91 
Chapter X     = pp. 92-101 
Chapter XI    = pp. 102-111 
Chapter XII   = pp. 112-123 
Chapter XIII  = pp. 123-133 
Chapter XIV  = pp. 134-142 
Chapter XV   = pp. 143-152 
. 
    ***************** 
Chapter I     =  pp. 5-10 
Chapter II    = pp. 11-22 
Chapter III   = pp. 23-33 
Chapter IV   = pp. 34-41 
Chapter V    = pp. 42-52 
Chapter VI   = pp. 53-63 
Chapter VII  = pp. 64-68 
Chapter VIII = pp. 69-80 
Chapter IX    = pp. 81-91 
Chapter X     = pp. 92-101 
Chapter XI    = pp. 102-111 
Chapter XII   = pp. 112-123 
Chapter XIII  = pp. 123-133 
Chapter XIV  = pp. 134-142 
Chapter XV   = pp. 143-152 
. 
    ***************** 
Chapter I     =  pp. 5-10 
Chapter II    = pp. 11-22 
Chapter III   = pp. 23-33 
Chapter IV   = pp. 34-41 
Chapter V    = pp. 42-52 
Chapter VI   = pp. 53-63 
Chapter VII  = pp. 64-68 
Chapter VIII = pp. 69-80 
Chapter IX    = pp. 81-91 
Chapter X     = pp. 92-101 
Chapter XI    = pp. 102-111 
Chapter XII   = pp. 112-123 
Chapter XIII  = pp. 123-133 
Chapter XIV  = pp. 134-142 
Chapter XV   = pp. 143-152 
. 
    ***************** 
Chapter I     =  pp. 5-10 
Chapter II    = pp. 11-22 
Chapter III   = pp. 23-33 
Chapter IV   = pp. 34-41 
Chapter V    = pp. 42-52 
Chapter VI   = pp. 53-63 
Chapter VII  = pp. 64-68 
Chapter VIII = pp. 69-80 
Chapter IX    = pp. 81-91 
Chapter X     = pp. 92-101 
Chapter XI    = pp. 102-111 
Chapter XII   = pp. 112-123 
Chapter XIII  = pp. 123-133 
Chapter XIV  = pp. 134-142 
Chapter XV   = pp. 143-152 
. 
    ***************** 
Chapter I     =  pp. 5-10 
Chapter II    = pp. 11-22 
Chapter III   = pp. 23-33 
Chapter IV   = pp. 34-41 
Chapter V    = pp. 42-52 
Chapter VI   = pp. 53-63 
Chapter VII  = pp. 64-68 
Chapter VIII = pp. 69-80 
Chapter IX    = pp. 81-91 
Chapter X     = pp. 92-101 
Chapter XI    = pp. 102-111 
Chapter XII   = pp. 112-123 
Chapter XIII  = pp. 123-133 
Chapter XIV  = pp. 134-142 
Chapter XV   = pp. 143-152 
. 
    ***************** 
Chapter I     =  pp. 5-10 
Chapter II    = pp. 11-22 
Chapter III   = pp. 23-33 
Chapter IV   = pp. 34-41 
Chapter V    = pp. 42-52 
Chapter VI   = pp. 53-63 
Chapter VII  = pp. 64-68 
Chapter VIII = pp. 69-80 
Chapter IX    = pp. 81-91 
Chapter X     = pp. 92-101 
Chapter XI    = pp. 102-111 
Chapter XII   = pp. 112-123 
Chapter XIII  = pp. 123-133 
Chapter XIV  = pp. 134-142 
Chapter XV   = pp. 143-152 
. 
    ***************** 
Chapter I     =  pp. 5-10 
Chapter II    = pp. 11-22 
Chapter III   = pp. 23-33 
Chapter IV   = pp. 34-41 
Chapter V    = pp. 42-52 
Chapter VI   = pp. 53-63 
Alcalde's court, in California, 127-8 
Alvarado, Juan Baptiste, 118-21 
American Fork, 73, 74 
amusements, of Mexicans in California, 128-31 
armed escorts, on Vera Cruz route, 139-40 
Astor, John Jacob, 52 
Astoria, 52 
. 
Bailey, 9-10 
bays and harbors, of California, 78-80; of  
     Oregon, 34-5 
Bear River, 36, 75, 78, 135  
bear-fights, 130-1 
Bellamy, 67 
Big Horn River, 24 
Black Hills, 134, 136 
Blue Mountains, 19, 24, 25, 27, 29, 33, 35-6, 38 
Bodaga, 80, 111 
British subjects in Oregon, 24, 61 
Brown's Peak, 24, 134 
buffalo, 8-9, 17, 48, 135, 150-1; method of  
     hunting, 150-1  
buffalo chips, 135  
bull-fights, 129-30 
. 
California, amusements of Mexicans in, 128-31; 
     area, 70; bays and harbors, 78-80; boundaries,  
     70;  climate, 82-5; commerce, 131-3; court  
     procedure, 127-8;  description, 69-133; fish,  
     100-1; game, 96-100;  government, 118-24;  
     Indians, 116-18; islands, 76-7;   journey from  
     Oregon to, 64.9; livestock, 92-6; manners and  
     customs, 124-7; Mexicans, 124-6; military  
     posts, 104-5; mineral resources, 82; missionary  
     stations, 105-8; mountains, 70-2; peculiarities  
     of terrain,  72; population, 112-13; priests,  
     114-16; products,  85-91; rivers, 72-6;  
     settlements and towns, 102-4, 108-11;  
     shipping, 132-3; soil, 81-2 
California Mountains, 70-1, 73, 75, 77, 135;  
     passes in, 70-1, 135 
California plough, 126 
Cape Disappointment, 27 
Cape Horn, 113, 134, 141, 142 
Cascade Mountains, 24, 25-6, 27, 29,30, 31, 32, 33,  
     38, 39, 70, 71 
Catalina Island, 76-7 
Cathlatates River, see Klickitat 
cattle and livestock, in California, 92-6; in  
     Oregon, 46-7 
character of emigrants, 58, 112-13 
Chasty [Shasta] River, 67 
Cheyennes, 137 
Chilcotin River, 31 
Chilkeelis River, 31-2 
Chimekaine Mission, 54 
civil organization of Oregon, see government 
Clackamas River, 30-55 
Clamath River, see Klamath 
Clarke's River, 24-28; see also Columbia and  
     Flathead 
Claset Range, 26-7 
classes of Mexicans in California, 124-6 
Clatsop Mission, 54-55 
climate, of California, 82-5; of Oregon, 42-4 
cock-fights, 128-9 
Coeur d'Alene, Lake, 28 
Colorado River, 9, 19, 20, 72-3, 77, 78. 80, 135, 136,  
     137, 150 
Columbia River, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29-30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 
     39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 50, 54 
Comanches, 135 
commerce and trade, in California, 131-3; in  
     Oregon, 62-4 
commodity prices, in California, 131 , in Oregon,  
     62 
Cordilleras, 70, 71, 76 
court procedure, in Mexican alcalde's court, 127-8 
Cowlitz Rivel, 31, 33, 39, 46, 52 
.. 
Dalles, the, 21, 27, 29, 137 
Deschutes River, 29, 39 
dogs, decree of extermination of, 7 
Douglass, James, 51 
draught, saddle horses used for, 126 
Dry River, 73,74 
Dundas Island 52 
. 
Echeandia, Governor Jose Maria, 118 
equipment and supplies, 143-7 
Entyatecoom River, 28 
. 
Feather River, 73, 74 
fish, Indian methods of catching, 47-8 
fisheries, of California, 100-1 
Fitzpatrick, 9, 19 
Flatbow River, 25, 28, 50; see also Kootenay 
Flathead River, 25, 28 
Fort Alexandria, 50 
Fort Barbine, 50 
Fort Boisi, 20-21, 37, 46, 50, 54, 137 
Fort Chilcothin, 50 
Fort Colville, 28, 50 
Fort Cowlitz, 52 
Fort George, 51-2 
Fort Hall, 9, 19, 20, 37, 43, 46, 49, 50, 54, 58, 135,  
     136, 137, 138, 146, 150 
Fort John, 9, 134, 136 
Fort Kamloops, 50 
Fort Langley, 52 
Fort Laramie, 9, 134, 135, 136, 137 
Fort McLoughlin, 52 
Fort Nisqually, 46, 52 
Fort Okanagan, 50 
Fort Ross, 102, 104 
Fort Simpson, 52 
Fort St. James, 50 
Fort Sutter, 68, 102 
Fort Umpqua, 50, 52 
Fort Vancouver, 29, 30, 39, 43, 46, 50-1, 52, 56 
Fort Walla Walla, 21, 28, 29, 43, 50, 54, 135  
forts, see also settlements 
Fraser River, 24, 25, 31, 52 
Fualitine, see Tualitin 
furs and fur trade, 48, 63-4 
. 
game, in California, 96-100; in Oregon, 48-9 
government, of California, 118-24; of Oregon, 61-2 
government of the company, 6-7; see also method 
     of travelling 
Graham, 111, 120 
Grand Round, the 38 
Grant, Captain, 20, 49 
Gray's Harbor, 35 
Great Saptin River, see Lewis 
Green River, see Colorado 
Guadalahara, 138, 139 
Gulf of Georgia, 31, 35 
. 
Ham's Fork, 135 
Henry's Fork, 24 
Hooker's Peak, 24, 25, 134 
Hootanie, see Flatbow 
horses, Californian, 92-3 
horses and mules, for journey, 144-5, 146 
hospitality of Oregon pioneers, 58 
hot springs, 37, 38 
Hudson's Bay Company, 24, 29, 46, 48. 49, 50, 51,  
     52-3, 57, 61, 62, 95, 99, 109, 131, 134; history of,  
     52-3 
Humboldt River, 24 
. 
Independence, 5, 134, 135, 138, 147 
Independence Rock, 9, 11, 13, 134, 136, 137 
Indians, attacks by, 67-8; Blackfeet, 58, 148, 150;  
     California, 116-18; capture by, 11-17; character  
     of, 59, 60; Cheyenne, 137, 148; Comanche, 135;  
     at crossing of Rogue River, 65; hostile  
     demonstrations, 17; Oregon, 58-61; Pawnee,  
     135, 148; Sioux, 135, 137, 148; trading with,  
     17-18; Utah, 137, 148 
insults, to travellers in Mexico, 140-1 
Irving, Washington, 52 
. 
John Day River, 29, 39 
Jones, Commodore, 122, 123 
journey from Oregon to California, 64-9 
jurisdictions, conflicting, in Oregon, 61-2 
jury trial, 6 
. 
Kaima Mission, 53 
Kansas River, 134, 135, 148 
Kelley, Hall J., 25 
Klamath Mountains, 25, 27, 32, 70, 71, 73, 74, 75,  
     77 
Klamath River, 32, 41, 75 
Klickitat River, 29 
Kootenay, 50 
Kootenay River, 28, 50 
Kooskooske River, 25, 29, 53 
Kullerspelm, Lake, 28 
. 
Lancaster, 7; death of infant, 7 
land grants in California, 123-4  
Lapwai Mission, 54 
Laramie's Fork, 136 
lasso, use of, 94 
laws, meetings to enact code of, 6 
Lee, the Rev.  Jason, 55 
Lewis River, see Snake 
Linn, Dr., 56 
Linnton, 56 
Little Sandy River, 134 
livestock, for journey, 144-6 
Lone Tree Valley, 38 
Los Angeles, see Pueblo 
Lovejoy, A. L., 9, 11-16, 137 
. 
McGillivary's Pass, 27 
McLoughlin, Dr. John, 22, 51, 56, 57, 58 
manners and customs in California, 124-7 
Mary's River, see Humboldt 
Mazatlan, 118, 120, 134 
Meek, Stephen, 19 
method of travelling, 147-51 
Methodist mission, at the Dalles, 21 
Mexican ox yoke, 126 
Mexicans in California, character of, 113-14;  
     classes of, 124-6 
Mexico City, 134, 138, 139, 140 
Micheltorena, Manuel, governor of California, 
     118, 121-22 
military posts in California, 104-5 
Millbank Sound, 52 
mills, in California, 111; in Oregon, 57 
missionary stations, in California, 105-8; in  
     Oregon, 21, 53-5 
Missouri River, :24 
Monterey, 104, 108; Bay of, 75, 80 
Mount Adams, 26 
Mount John Q. Adams, 26 
Mount Fairweather, 26 
Mount Harrison, 26 
Mount Jackson, 26 
Mount Jefferson, 26 
Mount Madison, 26 
Mount Monroe, 26 
Mount St. Elias, 26 
Mount Tyler, 26 
Mount Van Buren, 26 
Mount Washington, 26 
mountains, of California, 70-2; of Oregon, 24-7 
Muddy River, 135 
. 
New Helvetia, 74, 102-3 
New Orleans, 134, 138 
Nisqually Mission, 54, 55; see also Fort Nisqually 
North American Fur Company, 52 
North Pass, 135 
. 
Okanagan River, 28 
oppressive acts by Alvarado, 118-21 
Oregon, arrival in lower settlements, 21-2;  
     boundary, 23-4; British subjects in, 61; cattle  
     raising, 46; character of immigrants, 58; climate, 
     42-4; commerce, 62-4; commodity prices, 62;  
     conflicting jurisdictions, 61-2; crops, 45-6;  
     description, 23-64; fish, 47-8; furs, 48; game,  
     48-9; government, 61-2; harbors, 34-5;  
     hospitality of immigrants, 58; Indians, 58-61;  
     islands, 34; journey to California from, 64-9;  
     mills, 57; missionary stations, 53-5; mountains, 
     24-7; population, 57; prohibition, 57-8; rivers,  
     27-33; roads, 57; settlements, 49, 55-7; soil, 41-2; 
     timber, 44-5  
Oregon City, 56-7 
Owens River, oxen, for journey, 145 
. 
passes, in the Rockies, 24 
Pawnees, 135 
Perkins, 21 
Pinkslitsa River, 31 
Piscous River, 28 
Platte River, 134, 135, 136 
population, of California, 112-13; of Oregon, 57 
Presbyterian mission, 21 
President's Range, see Cascade Mountains 
prices, of foodstuffs, 62, 131-2 
priests in California, character of, 114-16 
Prince Royal Islands, 34 
products of California, 85-91 
prohibition, in Oregon, 57-8 
Pueblo, 104, 108-9; "above" and "below," 108 
Puget Sound, 26, 32, 40, 52 
Putin River, 30, 31 
. 
Queen Charlotte Islands, 34, 35 
Quesnel River, 29, 31, 39 
. 
Raye, 109-10 
revolution of 1836, 118 
rivers, of California, 72-6; of Oregon, 27-33 
roads in Oregon, 57 
robberies, on Vera Cruz route, 139-40 
Rocky Mountains, 23, 24-5, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35-6, 38,  
     43, 70, 71, 72, 76, 113, 135; passes in, 24 
Rogue River, 32, 33, 35, 41, 65 
routes, description of, 134-42; most practical, 24 
Russian River, 75 
Russians, trade with, 63, 131, 132, 133 
. 
Sacramento River, 67, 68, 73-5, 77, 99, 102, 135, 137 
Sacramento Valley, 77 
Salmon River, 29 
Salt Lake, 36, 75, 78, 137 
San Blas, 138 
San Diego, 104 
San Diego Bay, 80 
San Francisco, 79, 102, 104, 105, 109 
San Francisco Bay, 67, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78-9, 80, 99,  
     109, 110, 135, 137, 138 
San Jose, 104 
Sandwich Islands, 63, 133, 141, 142 
Santa Barbara, 104 
Santa Cruz, 104 
Santa Cruz Island, 76, 77 
Santa Fe, 70, 71; route, 138 
Saptin River, see Snake 
settlements and improvements, in California,  
     102-4; in Oregon, 49, 55-7 
shellfish, Oregon, 48 
Simpson, Governor, 50 
Sioux, 135, 137 
Sitka, 63 
slavery, 132 
Smith, Captain, 111 
Snake River, 24, 29, 38, 49, 50, 135 
Soda Springs, 36-7, 135 
Sonoma, 104 
South Pass, 24, 72 
Spokane River, 25, 28 
Strait of Juan de Fuca, 26, 27, 35, 40, 48 
Sutter, Captain, 69, 102, 103-4 
Sweetwater, 9, 11, 17, 134, 136, 137 
. 
Thompson River, 31 
timber, Oregon, 44-5 
travelling, see method of  
treaties, boundary 22-3 
trial, for refusal to stand guard, i8 
Tualitin Plains, 40, 46, 52, 57 
Tualitin River, 30 
Tulare River, 73, 74-5 
. 
Umatilla River, 29, 39 
Umpqua River, 32, 33, 35, 40, 41 
Utahs, 137 
. 
Vancouver Island, 34, 35 
Vera Cruz, 123, 134, 138, 139, 140, 142; route,  
     138-41 
. 
Walla Walla River, 29, 39 
Wappato Island, 30, 31 
Washington Island, see Queen Charlotte 
White, Dr. Elijah, 9 
Whitman, Dr., 21, 39 
Whitman Mission, 54, 60 
Willamette Mission, 54 
Willamette River, 22, 30, 31, 33, 40, 54, 55, 56, 57,  
     64 
Wyeth, Nathaniel J., 49 
. 
Yakima River, 28 
Yamhill River, 30, 31 
Yellowstone River, 24 
Yerba Buena, see San Francisco 
York Factory, 53 
Young, Samuel C., 57-8 
Yunt, 111 
. 
 
 .
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