Endnotes for Chapter II
1 (1) CCS 155/1, 19 Jan 43, title: Conduct of the War in 1943. (2) CCS 160, 19 Jan 43, title: Minimum
Escort Requirements To Maintain the Sea Communications of the United Nations. (3) Min, 65th mtg CCS, 21 Jan
43. (4) CCS 170/2, 23 Jan 43, title: Final Rpt to the President and
Prime Minister Summarizing Decisions by the CCS.
2 Samuel Eliot Morison, History of
United States Naval Operations in World War II, I, The Battle of the
Atlantic, September 1939-May 1943 (Boston, Little, Brown &
Company, 1947) (hereafter cited as Morison, Battle of the Atlantic),
pp. 410-12.
3 (1) Joseph Schull, The Far Distant Ships: An Official Account
of Canadian Naval Operations in the Second World War (Ottawa, E.
Cloutier, 1950), pp. 164-70. (2) Morison, Battle of the Atlantic,
p.
344 (3) Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War: Closing the
Ring (Boston, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1951), p. 10.
4 (1) Frederick C. Lane et al., Ships for Victory, Shipbuilding
Under the U.S. Maritime Commission in World War II (Baltimore, Johns
Hopkins Press, 1951), p. 203. (2) Memo, Somervell for CofS, no sub, 2
Aug 43, Hq ASF, Folder CofS, U.S., 1941, 1942, 1944, (2)
5 Memo, Somervell for CofS, 2 Aug 43, no sub, Hq ASF, Folder CofS,
U.S., 1941, 1942, 1944 (2).
6 For earlier postponement, see Matloff and Snell, Strategic
Planning: 1941-42, Ch. XIV.
7 (1) Churchill, Hinge of Fate, pp. 752-55 (2) Leighton and
Coakley, Global Logistics and Strategy, 1940-43, Ch. XXI. (3) T.
H. Vail Motter, The Persian Corridor and Aid to Russia, UNITED
STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II (Washington, Government Printing Office,
1952), pp. 400-401
8 CCS 183/1, 12 Mar 43, title: Review
of Availability of United Nations Shipping.
9 Memo, Gross for Marshall, 17 Mar 43, sub: Re: 183/1, Review of
Availability of U.N. Shipping, filed with CCS 183/1 in ABC 560 (26 Feb
43) 1-A.
10 (1) Min, 76th mtg CCS, 19 Mar 43. (2) Sherwood,
Roosevelt and Hopkins, pp.
716-17.
11 Memo, Somervell for Hopkins, 22 Mar
43, sub: Availability of U.N. Shipping, filed with CPS 59/3 in ABC 560 (26
Feb 43) 1-A.
12 For a discussion of Pacific requirements and shipping, see Ch.
IV, below.
13 (1) Memo, Somervell for CofS, 25 Mar 43, sub: Proposed Allocation
of U.S. Shipping To Meet Military
Requirements and Civilian Demands During the Last Three Quarters of
1943, ABC 560 (26 Feb 43) 1-A. (2) Memo, Handy for Marshall, 28 Mar 43
no sub, Item 1a, Exec 3.
14 (1) Min, 73d mtg JCS, 9 Apr 43. (2) JCS 251/2, 10 Apr 43, title:
Allocation of Allied Shipping.
15 Leighton and Coakley, Global
Logistics and Strategy, 1940-43, Chs. XXV and XXVI. In this
volume the misunderstandings between Somervell and the British on the
import program are treated in detail, as is the part of Douglas in
influencing the President.
16 (1) Churchill, Hinge of Fate, p. 779. (2) Memo, Somervell
for CofS, 2 Aug 43, no sub, Hq ASF, Folder CofS, U.S., 1941, 1942, 1944
(2).
17 Ltr, Leahy to Nelson, 29 Apr 43, incl to JCS 259/1, 22 Apr 43,
title: U.S. Production Requirements, 1944.
18 (1) CCS 172, 22 Jan 43, title: Shipping Capabilities for BOLERO
Build-up. The paper was prepared by Somervell with the collaboration of Lord Leathers and noted by the CCS. (2) STM-30,
1 Jan 48.
19 (1) SS study, 17 Mar 43, title: Study of Effects of Operations
and Occurrences Since the Casablanca Conf on the Strategic Concept and
Operations Proposed for 1943, ABC
381 (9-25-41), VI. (2) JSSC 11, 22 Mar 43, title: Survey of Present
Situation.
20 (1) CCS 155/1, 19 Jan 48, title: Conduct of the War in
1943. (2) For AAF interpretation of CCS 155/1, see pp. 94-95 below.
21 MS draft (dated 9 April 1942) of Procurement section, p. 76, of
Statistics, a volume to be published in the series UNITED STATES ARMY IN
WORLD WAR II. The Procurement section draft was prepared by Richard H.
Crawford and Lindsley F. Cook under the direction of Theodore E.
Whiting.
22 (1) Msg, Arnold to Stratemeyer, 3 Feb 43, CMIN 1501. (2) See also
p. 82, below.
23 (1) Craven and Cate, AAF II, 311, and Wesley Frank Craven
and James Lea Cate, eds., The Army Air Forces In World War II, IV,
The Pacific Guadalcanal to Saipan-August 1942 to July 1944 (Chicago,
The University of Chicago Press, 1950) (hereafter cited as Craven and
Cate, AAF IV), 69. The B-24 group for SWPA was sent over in the
spring, though it did not get into action until mid July. (2) For the
Pacific conference held in Washington in March 1943, see Ch. IV, below.
24 Craven and Cate, AAF II, 614.
25 (1) Memo, Roosevelt for CofS and COMINCH, 18 Mar 43, sub:
Submarine Warfare. (2) Memo, Marshall and King for President, 21 Mar 43,
sub: Submarine Warfare. Both in WDCSA 560 Anti-Submarine
Warfare.
26 Min, 78th mtg CCS, 29 Mar 43.
27 (1) Msg, Andrews to Marshall, 30 Mar 43, CMIN 16546. (2) Memo, Brig Gen Orvil A. Anderson, ACofAS Plans, for
ACofS OPD, 14 Apr 43, sub: Proposed ASW Operations in Bay of Biscay, OPD
381 Security, 69. (3) Msg, Marshall to Andrews, 15 Apr 43, CM-OUT 6862.
(4) Min, 81st mtg CCS, 23 Apr 43 (5) Min, 82d mtg CCS, 30 Apr 43.
28 Craven and Cate, AAF II, 313-15.
29 (1) Memo, Dr. Edward L. Bowles for Gens Marshall and McNarney, 3
Mar 43, sub: Recommendations-Army Air Anti-Submarine Effort, WDCSA 560
Anti-Submarine Operations. (2) JCS 268, 19 Apr 43, title: Air Offensive
Against the U-Boat. The bulk of correspondence concerning the use of
aircraft against U-boats and the later jurisdictional dispute over
control of antisubmarine warfare and strategic air forces will be found
in WDCSA 560 Anti-Submarine Operations. (3) Ernest J. King and Walter
Muir Whitehill, Fleet Admiral King, A Naval Record
(New York, W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.,
1952), pp. 462-71, contains the naval side of the dispute.
30 Memo, J. T. M. [McNarney] for CofS, 7 Jun 43, sub: Conversation
with the President, WDCSA 560 Anti-Submarine Operations. The earlier solution referred to the decision reached at a cabinet
meeting on 12 December1941 to establish unity of command over the
Panama Coastal Frontier under the Army and over the Caribbean
Coastal Frontier under the Navy. This decision
is discussed in a draft chapter, "The Caribbean
in Wartime," in the second volume of the subseries, Guarding the United
States and Its Outposts, written
for the series UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II by Stetson Conn, Byron
Fairchild, and Rose C. Engelman. General McNarney had seen service in the War Plans Division in 1939
and was a member of the Special Observers Group in London in 1941. In
January 1942 he became chairman of the Reorganization
Committee of the War Department and in March he was made Deputy Chief of
Staff.
31 (1) Memo, King for CofS, 14 Jun 43,
no sub. (2) Memo, Marshall for COMINCH, 15 Jun 43, no sub. Both in WDCSA
560 Anti-Submarine Operations.
32 (1) Memo, Marshall for King, 28 Jun
43, no sub, WDSCA 560 Anti-Submarine Operations. (2) Min, 91st mtg JCS, 8 Jun
43. For a full explanation of Stimson's views on antisubmarine
warfare, a field of vital interest to him, see Stimson and Bundy, On
Active Service, pp. 50818.
33 Memo, King for CofS, 3 Jul 43, no sub, WDCSA 560 Anti-Submarine
Operations.
34 An account of the plans and operations of the U.S. Army in the
Tunisia Campaign is contained in George F. Howe, Northwest Africa:
Seizing the Initiative in the
West, UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II (Washington, Government
Printing Office, 1957).
35 Leighton and Coakley, Global Logistics and Strategy,1940-43, Ch. XV.
36 Memo, Gen Handy, ACofS OPD, for CG ASF (Attn: Maj Gen Wilhelm D.
Styer), 27 Mar 43, sub: Rpt of ASW on Conditions in Casablanca, OPD 381 .Africa (1-27_43),
II.
37 Lt Col Boyd Hubbard, Jr., Observer's Rpt: N. W. Africa and U.K.
February and March [early spring Ig43], appended to memo, Brig Gen John
E. Hull, Actg ACofS OPD, for Gen Arnold, 19 Apr 43, no sub, OPD 381
Africa, 97.
38 See, for example: (1) memo, Lt Col Alfred D. Starbird for
Col Claude B. Ferenbaugh, 24 Feb 43, no sub, before Tab 16, Item 1b,
Exec 3; and (2) BIGOT-HUSKY msg (originator OPD), Marshall to Eisenhower
for Handy, 30 Apr 43, CM-OUT 12614. BIGOT was the code for messages
dealing with plans for future operations.
39 (1) Msg (originator OPD), Handy to Hull, 9 Jan 43, CM-OUT
2980. (2) Msg, Hull, Algiers, to Handy sgd Eisenhower, 25 Jan 43, CM-IN
11556. (3) OPD paper [early April 1943], title: Current Problems, Tab F
NATO, TRIDENT Revision of SYMBOL.:
Casablanca Books, Vol. II (7 Apr 43), Exec 6. (4) Msg, Eisenhower to
Marshall, 26 Apr 43, CMIN 9818.
(5) BIGOT-HUSKY msg (originator OPD), Marshall to Eisenhower, 26 Apr 43,
CM-OUT 7888. (6) BIGOT-HUSKY msg (originator OPD), Marshall to
Eisenhower, 26 Apr 43, CM-OUT 10758.
40 BIGOT msg, Eisenhower to Marshall (info copy OPD), 17 Feb
43, CM-IN 8604.
41 Pers ltr, Wedemeyer to Handy, 22 Jan 43, Item 1a, Exec 3.
General Wedemeyer joined the War Plans Division
in 1941 and became a member of the joint U.S. Strategic Committee (JUSSC)
in February 1942. In June 1942 he became Chief, Strategy and Policy
Group (S&P Gp), OPD.
42 (1) BIGOT msg (originator OPD), Marshall to Eisenhower, 5 Feb 43,
CM-OUT 1779. (2) BIGOT msg (originator OPD),
CCS to Eisenhower, 5 Mar 43 CM-OUT 1868, FAN 103. (3) BIGOT msg
(originator OPD), Marshall to
Eisenhower, 11 Mar 43. CM-OUT 4041. (4) BIGOT msg (originator OPD),
Marshall to Eisenhower, 24 Mar 43, CM-OUT 9212. (5) BIGOT msg,
Eisenhower to AGWAR, 25 Mar 43 (action copy OPD), CM-IN 13492. (6) Memo,
C. K. G. [Col Charles K. Gailey, Jr.] for Maj Gen Matthew B. Ridgway, 27
Apr 43, sub: Message from [Brig Gen Maxwell D.] Taylor, Item 11, Exec
3.
43 Memo, OPD for CofS, 30 Dec 42, sub: Troop Strength in ETO, Tab A
European Theater, SYMBOL:
Casablanca Books, Vol. II, Exec 6. This troop strength is listed as of
21 December 1942.
44 OPD paper [May 1943], title: Deployment and Shipping Capabilities,
Tab A NATO, TRIDENT Revision of
SYMBOL: Casablanca Books, Vol. II (25 May 43), Exec 6.
45 (1) Overseas Troop Bases, 1 April, 1 May, 1 June, 1 July 1943,
Troop Section, Logistics Group OPD, OPD Hist Unit file. (2) Unit Records
of the Organization and Directory Branch, TAGO.
46 For the number of air groups, see
Army Air Forces Statistical Digest, World War II (1945), P. 8. For the
identity of the air groups, see Craven and Cate, AAF II, 417 and
passim.
47 STM-30, 1 Jan 48.
48 The breakdown on ground and air
strength in the British Isles and Northern Ireland is based on OPD
Weekly Status Maps from 5 November 1942 through 13 May 1943. OPD Status
Map figures include air service with air troops and ground
service with ground troops. For a detailed account of the slowdown in the American build-up in
the European theater in the early months of 1943-based largely on
theater records-see Roland G.
Ruppenthal, Logistical Support of the Armies, Vol. I, THE UNITED STATES
ARMY IN WORLD WAR II (Washington, Government
Printing Office, 1953), Ch. III.
49 BIGOT msg (originator OPD), Marshall to Eisenhower, 13 Mar 43,
CM-OUT 5058.
50 For full description of the growth and operations
of the Eighth .Air Force during this period, see Craven and Cate, AAF
II, Ch. 10.
51 For a description of pre-Casablanca background on aid to
the French, see: (1) Marcel Vigneras, Rearming the French, UNITED
STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II (Washington, Government Printing Office, 1957), Ch. I; and (2) Leighton and Coakley,
Global Logistics and Strategy, 1940-43, Ch. XXI.
52 OPD paper [late December 1942], title:
Current Problems, Tab K European Theater, SYMBOL: Casablanca
Books, Vol. II, Exec 6.
53 (1) Min, sp mtg JCS and President,
16 Jan 43, Official Casablanca Conf Book. (2) Min, 58th mtg CCS, 16 Jan
43. (3) Min, 2d Anfa mtg, 18 Jan 43, Official Casablanca
Conf Book. (4) Min, Gist mtg CCS, 19 Jan 43. (5) Min, 62d mtg CCS, 19
Jan 43.
54 (1) Msg (originator OPD), Marshall to Eisenhower,
18 Jan 43, CM-OUT 7165. (2) Min, 58th mtg CCS, 16 Jan 43.
55 Min, 2d Anfa mtg, 18 Jan 13, Official Casablanca
Conf Book.
56 See CinC's Dispatch, North Africa Campaign, 1942-43, n. d., P. 30
COPY in OPD Hist Unit File.
57 (1) Memo, (G. C. M. [Gen Marshall] for
[John J.] McCloy, 4 Feb 43, no sub, Item 13, Exec 1. (2) msg, President to [Robert
D.] Murphy, 20 Feb 43. Item 13, Exec
1. (3) Memo, Hull for CofS, 4 Mar 43, sub: Equipment of French Forces in
North Africa, CCS 181/2, Item 13, Exec 1. (4) CCS 317, 18 Aug 43,
title: Equipping Allies, Liberated Forces, and Friendly Neutrals.
58 The French military mission had arrived in Washington at the close
of 1942 to discuss the supply of
materiel For the French forces in North Africa.
59 Vigneras, Rearming the French, Ch. II.
60 For a discussion of the American and French divergences, see
especially: (1) memo, G. C. M, for McCloy, 4 Feb 43, no sub, and
attached memo A, Bethouart for Marshall, 3 Feb 43, sub: Shipment of War
Materiel for the French Forces in North Africa, Item 13, Exec 1; and (2)
msg, Eisenhower to AGWAR for OPD, 17 Feb 43, CM-IN 9008 (18 Feb .13)
61 Pers msg, President to Murphy, 20 Feb 43, Item 13, Exec 1.
The message, noted in OPD, was forwarded
to the Secretary of War by General Marshall.
62 BIGOT-HUSKY msg, Eisenhower to Marshall (action
copy OPD), 21 Mar 43, CM-IN 11239.
63 OPD memo, no addressee, 1 Apr 43, sub: French Rearmament,
Book 8, Exec 8. OPD action officer was Lt Col Wilbur M. Skidmore.
64 (1) Memo, Hull for CofS, 4 Mar 43, sub: Equipment of French Forces in North Africa, CCS 181/2, Item
13, Exec 1. (2) SS 79, 28 Apr 43, title:
Global Estimate of the Situation, TRIDENT REVISION Of
SYMBOL: Casablanca Books, Vol. I (1 May 43), Exec 6.
65 The figures are based especially on: (1) OPD Weekly Status Maps,
31 Dec 42 and 19 May 43, and (2) STM-30, 1 Jan 48.
66 Memo, JSSC for JCS, 8 Jan 43, sub:
Strategic Concept for 1943, Item 69, Exec 10.
67 Memo, Armstrong, SS OPD, for Chief S&P Gp OPD, 12 Jan 43, sub: Rpt of Visit to the Middle East, with JCS Memo for Info 29 in ABC 381 Middle
East (3-10-42), 1-A.
68 (1) Min, 57th mtg CCS, 15 Jan 43. (2) Min, 2d mtg CCS with
President and Prime Minister, 18 Jan
43, Anfa Camp, Official Casablanca Conf Book.
69 See Ch. I, above.
70 (1) CCS 161/1.2 Jan 43, title: Operation HUSKY. (2) Min,
66th mtg CCS, 22 Jan 43- (3) CCS 170/2, 22 Jan 43, title: Final Rpt to
the President and Prime Minister, Summarizing Decisions by the CCS.
71 Memo, Col John C. Blizzard, Jr., Chief SS OPD, for Gen Wedemeyer,
17 Apr 43, sub: Disposition of USAFIME, with CPS 58/D in ABC 370
(7-2-42).
72 OPD Diary, 3 Apr 43. 73
Paper [about early Apr 43], title: Ninth Air Force and ASF USAFIME,
Tab A Central Africa and Middle East, TRIDENT REVISION of SYMBOL.: Casablanca Books, Vol. II (7 Apr 43), Exec 6.
74 A detailed discussion of the problems facing the U.S. Army forces
in the Persian Gulf Service Command is contained in Motter, Persian
Corridor and Aid to Russia.
75 Memo, Handy for Wedemeyer, 7 Dec 42,
no sub, with CCS 57/2 in ABC 371 (9-25-42), 1.
76 Memo, Col Ray T. Maddocks, Actg Chief S&P Gp OPD, for Gen Handy,
2 Jan 43, sub: Boundary Revision Between European and African Middle
Eastern Theaters, with CCS 57/2 in ABC 371 (9-25-42),1.
77 Memo, Col Maddocks for Lt Col Frederic H. Chaffee, Africa-Middle
East Theater, 5 Jan 43, sub: Boundary Revisions Between European and African Middle East
Theaters, with CCS 57/2 in ABC 371 (9-25-42) 1.
78 Msg, Marshall, Casablanca, to Handy,
16 Jan 43, No.210, Vol MODICUM-From, Item 45a, Exec 10.
79 General Andrews, a line Air officer of great ability, had been
sent to the Middle East in November 1942 at Marshall's behest to secure added experience
in command of an active theater. See min, sp mtg JCS and President, 15
Jan 43, Official Casablanca
Conf Books.
80 See msg, Handy to BRAID [Marshall], 18 Jan 43, CM-OUT 6207 (1-19-43). The War
Department draft was prepared by OPD and concurred in, by General
McNarney, Deputy Chief of Staff, and Maj. Gen. George E. Stratemeyer,
Chief of the Air Staff in Army Air Force Headquarters. For a preliminary
version of this draft, see copy appended to draft msg, Handy to BRAID,
18 Jan 43, with Paper 75, Book 7, Exec 8.
81 See especially: min, 65th mtg CCS, 21 Jan 43, and Ch. I, above.
82 (1) Msg, Gen Wedemeyer to Col Robert N. Young for Handy, 19 Jan 43, CM-IN
8946 (1-20-43)
(2) Min, 56th mtg JCS, 20 Jan 43. (3) Msg, SGS to Lt Col Frank McCarthy
for Gen Wedemeyer, 20 Jan
43, CM-OUT 6765. (4) Msg, BRAID to Young
for Handy, 23 Jan 43, CM-IN 11037 (24 Jan 43).
83 (1) Msg, Marshall to Young for Handy, 24 Jan 43, CM-IN 11037. (2)
Msg (originator OPD), Marshall
to Eisenhower, 2 Feb 43, CM-OUT 627 (3 Feb 43).
84 Msg (originator OPD), Marshall to CG USAFIME, 30 Jan 43, CM-OUT
10547. These War Department instructions transferred the War Department
directive to Andrews, dated 24 October 1942, to Brereton, effective upon
the latter's assumption of
command of USAFIME.
85 Msg, Brereton, Cairo, to AGWAR (action OPD), 31 Jan 43, CM-IN
0012 (1 Feb 43). For changes in boundaries of the Africa-Middle East theater-in line
with the 19 January War Department
draft directive-see: (1) OPD draft msg, Marshall to CG USAFIME, 8 Feb 43, OPD 371 ETO, 15 (sent as CM-OUT
2731); and (2) OPD Diary, 9 Feb 43.
86 (1) Msg (originator OPD), Marshall to Eisenhower,
2 Feb 43, CM-OUT 627 (3 Feb 43). (2) Msg (originator OPD), Gen Marshall
to Maj Gen Russell P. Hartle for
Gen Andrews, 2 Feb 43, CM-OUT 647 (3 Feb 43). (3) Msg (originator OPD),
Marshall to Eisenhower, 4 Feb 43, CM-OUT 1396. (4) Msg, Eisenhower to
Marshall (action OPD), 5 Feb 43, CM-IN 2620. (5) Msg, Eisenhower to
Marshall, 5 Feb 43, CM-IN 2409. (6) Msg (originator OPD), Marshall to
Eisenhower, 5 Feb 43, CM-OUT 1793 (6 Feb 43).
87 (1) Memo, G. C. M. for Handy, 2 Jan 43, no sub, Item 36a, Exec 10. (2) CCS 163, 20 Jan 43, title: System of Air Command in the
Mediterranean.
(3) Min, 63d mtg CCS, 20 Jan 43.
88 (1) Min, 63d mtg CCS, 20 Jan 43. (2)
Memo, Deane, Secy JCS, for ACofS OPD, Aide to CinC U.S. Fleet, 2 Feb 43,
sub: Command in the Mediterranean,
with CCS 163 in ABC 322.07 (8-24-42).
89 (2) Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, P. 949. (2)
William D. Leahy, I Was There (New York, Whittlesey House,
1950), p. 133. Detailed accounts of America's politico-economic relations with
Spain in World War II are contained in Herbert Feis, The Spanish
Story (New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1948), and Canton J. H. Hayes,
Wartime Mission to Spain, 1942-1945 (New York, The Macmillan Co.,
1945).
90 Msg, Prime Minister to President, 2 Dec 42, Item 63a, Exec.10. (2) CCS
135, 26
Dec 42, title: Basic Strategic Concept for 1943. The paper was a JCS
memo. (3) CCS 135/1, 2 Jan 43, title: Basic Strategic Concept for
1943-the European Theater. The paper was a memo by the British Chiefs of
Staff.
91 Churchill, Hinge of Fate,
p.
649.
92 (1) Ibid., pp. 698-99
(2) CCS 157, 18 Jan 43, title: Allied Plans Relating to Turkey. In this
paper the British Joint Planning Staff argued that Turkey would, in the
foreseeable future, be of greater value as a base for offensive air
action than for ground action. A land offensive from Thrace via Salonika
into the Balkans would stretch out Axis forces and support Balkan
patriots. It would offer a great "prize" but, in their opinion, the
immediate prospects for it
were poor. Any such land offensive would depend on the Turks holding a
secure bridgehead
in Europe. (3) Min, 62d mtg CCS, 19 Jan 43.
93 For Roosevelt's and Churchill's views on Turkey,
see especially (1) Churchill, Hinge of Fate, Book Two, Ch, 16;
and (2) Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, pp. 657, 660, 683.
94 CCS 155/1, 19 Jan 43, title: Conduct of the War.
95 Min, 63d mtg CCS, 20 Jan 43.
96 (1) Memo, Gen Deane for Adms Leahy and King and Gens
Marshall and Arnold, 4 May 43, sub: Situation in Turkey, Item 55, Exec
to. The memo contains a message from the Prime Minister to the President
of 25 April 1943 in which the Prime Minister objected to the
characterization of the aid-to-Turkey program by an American official as
"Feeding an 8 course dinner to an 8 day old baby" as overdrawing the
picture. (2) Churchill, Hinge of Fate,
p.
699.
97 Msg, Prime Minister to President. 10 Feb 43, No. 263, Item
63a, Exec 10.
98 For exchanges between Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin in
February-April 1943, see: (1) Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins,
p. 705; and (2) Churchill, Hinge of Fate, pp. 745-57
.
99
Churchill, Hinge of Fate, pp. 705-16.
100 Leighton and Coakley, Global Logistics and Strategy,
1940-43, Ch. XVII, contains a summary of the mechanics of military
supply to Turkey, including
Anglo-American differences over procedures in bidding for U.S. aid.
101 (1) OPD Outline Study of Allied Resistance to a Possible
Axis Invasion of Turkey [about 1 Jan 43] Tab F-7 SYMBOL: Casablanca
Books, Vol. I (1 May 43), Exec 6, Gen Handy's copy. A preliminary
version of this plan is contained in Item 14, Exec 1. (2) Memo,
Blizzard, Chief SS, for Wedemeyer, 3 Apr 43, sub: The Collapse of Italy,
Tab 55, ABC 381 SS Papers, Nos. 2-95 (7 Jan 43)- (3) SS 54, 8 Apr 43,
title: United Nations Courses of Action Subsequent to HUSKY, Tab
54, ABC 381 SS Papers, Nos. 2-95 (7 Jan 43) (4) SS 54/2 [12 Apr 43],
same title, Tab SS 54/2, ABC SS Papers, Nos. 2-95 (7 Jan 43).
102 Memo, JSSC for JCS, 8 Jan 43, sub: Strategic Concept for 1943,
Item 69, Exec 10.
103 (1) CCS 135, 26 Dec 42, title:
Basic Strategic Concept for 1943- (2) Memo, JSSC for JCS, 8 Jan 43 sub:
Strategic Concept for 1943, Item 69, Exec 10.
104 Min, 62d mtg CCS, 19 Jan 43. For proposals and discussions on Turkey at Casablanca, see especially: (1) CCS 157, 18 Jan 43, title: Allied Plans Relating
to Turkey (the paper is a memo by Br CSofS); (2) Min, 55th mtg JCS, 19
Jan 43; and (3) CCS 155/1, 19 Jan 43, title: Conduct of the War in 1943.
105 SS 13, 25 Jan 43, title: Turkey, Tab 1/25/43, ABC 336 Turkey
(1-18-43).
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