Endnotes for Chapter IV
1 For detailed accounts of this mission, see: OPD 314. 7 CTO Sec 3, Ch.
VII Somervell-Arnold-Dill Mission; (2) Arnold, Global Mission, Ch. 23; (3)
Romanus and Sunderland, Stilwell's Mission to China Ch. VIII; (4) Claire
Lee Chennault, Way of a Fighter (New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1949), p.
216. Chennault asserts that the mission was sent to soothe the
Generalissimo with more promises and to cover up the lack of action on Far
Eastern matters at Casablanca. General Chennault had been in China in
charge of the American Volunteer Group of pursuit pilots when the United
States entered the war. He was recalled to active duty in early 1942 and
became commander of the China Air Task force.
2 (1) Min, 72d mtg CCS, 19 Feb 43. (2) Msg, Wedemeyer to Marshall, 16 Feb
43, CM-IN 8057. The report from Wedemeyer was relayed by Marshall to the
President in memo, CofS for President, 16 Feb 43, no sub, WDCSA 381 (Super
Secret), 1. (3) Min, 106th mtg JCS, 17 Aug 43. It should be noted that
Wavell overruled the advice of his planners, who considered the Rangoon
operation impracticable, and directed that the plans be completed for an
attack against Rangoon in the fall.
3 (1) Msg, Arnold to Marshall, 4 Feb 43, CM-IN 1641. (2) Msg, Arnold to
Marshall, 4 Feb 43, CM-IN 2033. (3) Joseph W. Stilwell, The Stilwell
Papers (New York, William Sloane Associates, Inc., 1948), p. 196. Stilwell
maintained that he himself was responsible for pinning down Chiang
definitely to this commitment.
4
(1) Msg, Stilwell to Marshall, 22 Mar 43, CM-IN 12246, (2) Msg, Col
Russell A. Osmun to Maj Gen George V. Strong, 31 Mar 43, CM-IN 16853.
5 Churchill, Hinge of Fate, pp. 944-45
6 (1) Msg, Brig Gen Benjamin G. Ferris to Gen Marshall, 4 Apr 43, CM-IN
2540. (2) Msg, Ferris to Stilwell, 7 May 43, CM-IN 4413.
7 Romanus and Sunderland, Stilwell's Mission to China, Ch. VIII.
8
Memo, Brig Gen John R. Deane for ACofS OPD and Aide to COMINCH, 12 Feb 43,
sub: Operation ANAKIM, ABC 384 Burma (8-25-42), II. For ANAKIM, see
above, Ch. I.
9 (1) Navy msg 021435, COMINCH to Br Admiralty,1 Mar 43, Item 67c, Exec
10.
(2) Msg, JCS to MacArthur, 15 Mar 43, CM-OUT 5402.
10 (1) Memo, G. C. M. for Handy, 3o Mar 43, no sub. (2) Memo, Handy for CofS,
31 Mar 43, sub: ANAKIM vs. BOLERO. Both in ABC 384 Burma (8-25-42), II.
11 (1) Memo, Wedemeyer for Somervell, 2 Apr 43, sub: ANAKIM vs. BOLERO,
ABC 384 Burma (8-25-42), II. (2) SS 55, 2 Apr 43, sub: ANAKIM, Tab SS 55,
ABC 381 SS Papers, Nos. 2-95 (7 Jan 43). (3) OPD draft memo (CofS for
President), 3 Apr 43, sub: ANAKIM, with Tab D, Item 55, Exec 10. The draft
memo was slightly revised on 3 April and evidently accepted by the Chief
of Staff that day. (4) Memo, Marshall for the President, 3 Apr 43, no sub,
Item 55, Exec 10.
12 (1) Min, 74th mtg JCS, 13 Apr 43. (2) Ltr, Lt Gen G. N. Macready (Br)
to Gen Marshall, 13 Apr 43, WDCSA ANAKIM Super Secret. (3) Ltr, Marshall to
Macready, 15 Apr 43, WDCSA ANAKIM Super Secret.
13 Msg, Handy to Marshall,
18 Apr 43, CM-IN 11078.
14 (1) OPD brief, title: Notes . . . 80th mtg CCS, 16 Apr 43, ABC 384 Burma
(8-25-42), II. (2) Msg, Stilwell to Marshall, 23 Apr 43, CM-IN 14004. (3)
Msg, Ferris to MILID, 28 Apr 43, CM-IN 17870. (4) Min, 82d mtg CCS, 30 Apr
43.
15 (1) Memo, Gen Deane for Rear Adm Charles M. Cooke, Jr., and Gen
Wedemeyer, 15 May 43, sub: ANAKIM. (2) Memo, Brig Gen Carl A. Russell for
Chief S&P Gp OPD, 8 May 43, sub: ANAKIM. Both in ABC 384 Burma
(8-25-42), II.
16 Churchill, Hinge of Fate, p. 785.
17 Msg, Arnold to Marshall, 5 Feb 43, CM-IN 2640.
18 (1) Msgs, Arnold to Stratemeyer, 3 Feb 43, CM-IN 1501 and CM-IN 1554.
(2) Ltr, Arnold to CG USAF CBI [Stilwell], 7 Feb 43, sub: Operations of
Heavy Bombers in China, Item 58, Exec 10. (3) Ltr, Arnold to CG USAF CBI,
7 Feb 43, sub: ATC Operations India to China, Item 58, Exec l0. (4) Craven
and Cate, AAF IV, 437-38.
19 (1) Ltr, Chiang Kai-shek to President, 7 Feb 43, Item 58, Exec 10. (2)
Arnold, Global Mission, p. 422. (3) Romanus and Sunderland, Stilwell's
Mission to China, Ch. VIII.
20 (1) Arnold, Global Mission, pp. 413, 427. (2) Chennault, Way of a
Fighter, pp. 311-12. (3) Ltr, Chennault to Wedemeyer, 4 Aug 45, WDCSA
091
China. Arnold felt that neither Chiang nor Chennault had any true
appreciation of logistical problems. Chennault accused Stilwell of the
same fault.
21 (1) Craven and Cate, AAF IV, 439. Marshall notified Stilwell in advance
of the formal order, which authorized formation of the Fourteenth Air
Force on 10 March. (2) Msg, Marshall to Stilwell, 19 Feb 43, CM-OUT 6939.
(3) Chennault, Way of a Fighter, p. 205. (4) Ltr, Joseph Alsop to Hopkins,
3 Mar 43, Hopkins Papers, cited in Romanus and Sunderland, Stilwell's
Mission to China, p. 317. (5) Ltr, Alsop to Hopkins, 5 Apr 43, Hopkins
Papers. Alsop thanked Hopkins for his support. Alsop was an aide and
adviser to General Chennault.
22 (1) Memo, Leahy for Marshall and Arnold, 24 Feb 43, no sub, Item 54,
Exec 10. (2) Memo, Marshall for President, 27 Feb 43, sub: Reply to
Generalissimo's Memo, WDCSA China Super Secret.
23 (1) Memo, Comdr W. L. Freseman for Gen Deane, 6 Mar 3, no sub, with incl
in Item 58, Exec 10. (2) Memo, Col William H. Wood for Gen Handy, 7 Mar
43, sub: Principal Differences in Message for Delivery to the
Generalissimo Prepared by OPD and the Message Which Was Dispatched to the
Generalissimo on 6 Mar 43, Item 58, Exec 10.
24 (1) Msg, Gen Alexander to Col Harold L. George, 13 Mar 43, CM-IN 7335.
(2) Memo, G. C. M. for Stratemeyer, 18 Mar 43 no sub, WDCSA 381 China
Super Secret. (3) Memo, Stratemeyer for Marshall, 20 Mar 43, sub: Air
Force Fighter Strength in China, WDCSA 381 China Super Secret. (4) Msg,
Alexander to George, 22 Mar 43, CM-IN 12387. (5) Memo, Arnold for
Marshall, 23 Mar 43, sub: Additional Fighter Squadrons to Gen Chennault,
WDCSA 381 China Super Secret. (6) Statement by Gen Arnold at the 8th mtg
of the Military Representatives of the Associated Powers, 2 Apr 43, DCofS
files, Mins of Mtgs of Mil Rep of Assoc Powers.
25 (1) Msg, Stilwell to Marshall, 1 Apr 43, CM-IN 430. (2) Memo, Gen
Marshall for Field Marshal Sir John Dill, 8 Apr 43, sub: 1943 Program for
the India-China Wing, Item 66, Exec 10. (3) Msg, Ferris
to Marshall, 12 Apr 43, CM-IN 7439. (4) Msg, Stilwell to Marshall, 10 Apr
43, CM-IN 5915. (5) Ltr, Macready to Marshall, 15 Apr 43, Item 66, Exec 10.
(6) Msg, Maj Gen Clayton L. Bissell to Gen
Stilwell, 8 May 43, CM-IN 5373. (7) Msg, Marshall to Wheeler, 9 May 43,
CM-OUT 4042. (8) Memo, Arnold for CofS, 9 May 43, sub: Conditions as
Reported by Col Beebe, Book 9, Exec 8. (9) Msg, Marshall to Wheeler, 13
May 43, CM-OUT 5487. (10) Romanus and Sunderland, Stilwell's Mission to
China, Ch. VIII.
26 (1) Memo, Leahy for Marshall and Arnold, 1 Apr 43, no sub, Item 70,
Exec 10. (2) Memo, Hull for CofS, 14 Apr 43, sub: President's Message to
C. K. S. [Chiang Kai-shek], March 31st, WDCSA China.
27 For the early accomplishments of the China Air Task Force, see Craven
and Cate, AAF IV, 42231.
28 See Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, pp. 716-18, 740.
29 (1) Churchill, Hinge of Fate, pp. 133-85, 785. (2) Churchill,
Closing
the Ring, pp. 328-29. (3) Interv, Sunderland and Romanus with Marshall, 18
Jul 49, filed with MS of their volume, Stilwell's Mission to China, OCMH.
30 (1) Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 739. (2) Interv of Sunderland
and Romanus with Marshall, 13 Jul 49, filed with MS of their volume,
Stilwell's Mission to China, OCMH.
31 For Stimson's account of his part in the Stilwell appointment and his
later support of Stilwell, see: Stimson and Bundy, On Active Service, pp.
528-41. For Marshall's estimate of Stilwell, see: (1) Ltr, Gen Marshall to
Vice Adm Lord Louis Mountbatten, 26 Jan 44, in OPD 381 Security, 297; (2)
Interv, Sunderland and Romanus with Marshall, 6 Jul 49, filed with MS of
their volume, Stilwell's Mission to China, OCMH.
32 (1) Ltr, Marshall to Dill, 10 Sep 45, Item 66, Exec-10. (2) Interv,
Sunderland and Romanus with Marshall, 13 Jul 49, filed with MS of their
volume, Stilwell's Mission to China, OCMH. For more complete accounts of
the Stilwell-Chennault-Chiang controversy, see: (1) Romanus and
Sunderland, Stilwell's Mission to China, (2) The Stilwell Papers; (3) Chennault,
Way of a Fighter; (4) Ltr, Chennault to Wedemeyer, 4 Aug 45,
WDCSA 091 China.
33 (1) Msg, Stilwell to Marshall, 3 Mar 43, CM-IN 1651. (2) Msg, Stilwell
to Marshall, 3 Mar 43, CM-IN 1749. (3) Time, XLI, No. 7 (February 15,
1943), 64 ff.
34 (1) The Stilwell Papers, pp. 202-03. (2) Chennault, Way of a Fighter,
p. 217. (3) Msg, Stilwell, to Marshall, 20 Apr 43, CM-IN 12058. (4) Msg,
Marshall to Stilwell, 21 Apr 43, CM-OUT 8693.
35 (1) Memo, F. D. R. for Marshall, 8 Mar 43, no sub, Item 54, Exec 10.
(2) Ltr, Alsop to Hopkins, 1 Mar 48, Hopkins Papers, cited in Romanus and
Sunderland, Stilwell's Mission to China, p. 317. Alsop recommended that
supplies be made available to China on an unconditional basis.
36 Memo, Marshall for President, 16 Mar 43, sub: Your Note to Me of
March 8th Reference China, Item 54, Exec 10.
37 Quote is from msg, Marshall to Stilwell, 27 Mar 48, CM-OUT 10546. See
also: msg, Stilwell to Marshall, 20 Mar 48, CM-IN 10715; and msg,
Stilwell to Marshall, 31 Mar 43, CM-IN 16733.
38 (1) Memo, no addressee, 7 Apr 43, sub: Instructions from Gen Marshall
Prior to Departure, Book 8, Exec 8. (2) Msg, Stilwell to Marshall, 12 Apr
43, CM-IN 7034, (3) Msg, Chiang to Marshall for President, 10 Apr 43,
CM-IN 5919. (4) Memo, Marshall for President, 12 Apr 43, sub: The
Generalissimo's Request for Chennault to Report to Washington, WDCSA 381
China Super Secret. The President turned down a suggestion that Bissell also
return to Washington. See msg, Marshall to Stilwell, 14 Apr 43, CM-OUT 6524.
39 Conf with Stilwell and Chennault, 30 Apr 43 Book 9, Exec 8.
40 (1) Memo, Stilwell for CofS, 1 May 43, no sub, OPD 381 CTO, 179. (2)
Memo, Stilwell for CofS, 1 May 43, no sub, ABC 384 Burma (8-25-42), II
41 (1) Ltr, Chennault to CG AAF, 1 May 43, sub: A Plan for Operation of Air
Force in China, OPD 381 Security, 124. (2) Chennault, Way of a Fighter,
pp. 220-22.
42 Ltr, Chennault to CG AAF, 4 May 43, sub: Factors Which Limit Operations
of the 14th Air Force, Book 9, Exec 8.
43 (1) Chennault, Way of a Fighter, pp. 224-26. (2) Memo, Marshall for
Stilwell, 3 May 43, no sub, Item 70, Exec 10. (3) Msg, President to Chiang Kaishek, 4 May 43, OPD 381 CTO, 179. (4) Suppl min, 77th mtg JCS, 4 May
43.
44 The Stilwell Papers, p. 204.
45 Stimson, On Active Service, p. 535.
46 Ltr, King to Marshall, 6 Jan 43, Item 67b, Exec 10.
47 Ltr, Marshall to King, 8 Jan 43, sub: Strategic Direction of Operations
in the Southwest Pacific, OPD 384 PTO, 2.
48 (1) Ltr, King to Marshall, 8 Jan 43, Item 67b, Exec 10. (2) Msg,
Marshall to MacArthur, 7 Jan 43, CM-OUT 2273. (3) Msg, Marshall to
MacArthur, 8 Jan 43, CM-OUT 2833.
49 See Matloff and Snell, Strategic Planning: 1941-42, pp. 262-65.
50 Msg, MacArthur to Marshall, 10 Jan 43, CM-IN 4574 In sharp contrast
with this rather dismal outlook painted by General MacArthur was the
optimistic statement of Admiral King at Casablanca a week later that
Rabaul might be captured in May. See min, 60th mtg CCS, 18 Jan 43.
51 (1) Msg, Marshall to MacArthur, 11 Jan 43, CM-OUT 3664. A follow-up
message produced a paraphrase of MacArthur's radio of the l0th, which he
had sent to Halsey. MacArthur, who was rather pressed for time, hoped to
preclude the necessity for a conference by radio communications. (2) Msg,
Marshall to MacArthur, 26 Jan 43, CM-OUT 8822. (3) Msg, MacArthur to
Marshall, 27 Jan 43, CM-IN 12553.
52 (1) Memo, King for Marshall, 2 Feb 43, no sub, WDCSA 452.1 SOPAC. (2)
Memo, Marshall for King, 2 Feb 43, sub: Army Air Strength in SOPAC, WDCSA
452.1 SOPAC. (3) Msg, Marshall to Lt Gen Millard F. Harmon, 2 Feb 43,
CM-OUT 388. (4) Msg, Marshall to MacArthur, 2 Feb 43, CM-OUT 414. (5) Msg,
Marshall to Harmon, 2 Feb 43, CM-OUT 715. (6) Memo, King for Marshall, 3
Feb 43, sub: Air Reinforcement for SOPAC, WDCSA SOPAC. (7) Msg, Harmon to
Marshall, 3 Feb 43, CM-IN 2622. (8) Memo, Marshall for King, 3 Feb 43,
sub: Air Reinforcements for SOPAC, WDCSA SOPAC. (9) Msg, MacArthur to
CofS, 3 Feb 43, CM-IN 1167. (10) Msg, MacArthur to CofS, 5 Feb 43, CM-IN
2475. (11) John Miller, jr., Guadalcanal: The First Offensive, UNITED
STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II (Washington, Government Printing Office,
1949), PP. 336-38.
53 Msg, MacArthur to Marshall, 9 Feb 43, CM-IN 4496.
54 (1) Msg, MacArthur to Marshall, 11 Feb 43, CM-IN 6510. (2) Memo for
rcd, 15 Feb 43, OPD 381 TS, 25.
Tasks Two and Three were parts of a three phased series of operations in
the Southwest and South Pacific Areas approved by the JCS on 2 July 1942.
Task One had included the capture of the Santa Cruz Islands, Tulagi, and
adjacent positions; Task Two included the seizure of Lae, Salamaua, and
the northeast coast of New Guinea; and Task Three envisioned the capture
of Rabaul and adjacent positions in the New Britain-New Ireland area. See
Matloff and Snell, Strategic Planning: 1941-42, pp. 262-65.
55.
Memo, King for Marshall, 6 Feb 43, sub: Operations in SWPA for
Prosecution of Rabaul Campaign, Item 67c, Exec 10.
56 Memo, Marshall for King, 17 Feb 43, sub: Operations in SWPA for
Prosecution of Rabaul Campaign, OPD 381 PTO, 125.
57 MacArthur had first requested permission to send some of his staff to
Washington. The War Department approved, but instructed him to allow his
representatives to stop at Noumea to discuss his plans with Halsey. From
there, they would proceed to Hawaii and be joined by members of Nimitz'
staff. A later message informed MacArthur that the chief Army planner,
General Wedemeyer, would arrive shortly in SWPA. MacArthur's staff
representatives should await his coming and travel with him to
Washington. (1) Msg, MacArthur to Marshall, 15 Feb 43, CM-IN 7418. (2) Msg, Marshall to MacArthur et al., 16 Feb 43, CM-OUT 5656.
(3)
Msg, Marshall to MacArthur, 16 Feb 43, CM-OUT 5660.
58 (1) Memo, King for Marshall, 18 Feb 43, sub: Development of Operations
in the South-Southwest Pacific OPD 381 PTO, 125. (2) Memo, Marshall for
King, 19 Feb 43, same sub, OPD 381 PTO, 125. (3) Memo CNO for CofS, 25
Feb 43, sub: Installation of Air Strips on Kiriwina Island and Woodlark
Island, WDCSA SOPAC. (4) Memo, Marshall for COMINCH, 22 Feb 43, same sub,
WDCSA SOPAC. (5) Memo, King for COPS, 5 Mar 43, sub: Transport Aircraft
for SOPAC, WDCSA SOPAC. (6) Ltr, McNarney for COMINCH and CNO, 8 Mar 43,
same sub, WDCSA SOPAC.
59 (1) Navy msg 210551, CTF 61 for COMSOPAC, 21 Feb 43. (2) Navy msg
270628, CTF 61 for COMSOPAC, 1 Mar 43. (3) D/F, OPD for AGF and ASF, 14
May 43, sub: Summary of the Occupation of the Russell Islands. All in OPD
381 PTO, 128.
60 For a detailed account of the battle itself and a careful consideration
of the claims and counterclaims in regard to ships and personnel lost,
see: (1) Craven and Cate, AAF IV, 141-50; (2) Samuel Eliot Morison,
History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, VI, Breaking
the Bismarck Barrier, 22 July 1942-1 May 1944 (Boston, Little, Brown and
Company, l950) (hereafter cited as Morison, Breaking the Bismarck
Barrier), Ch. V; and (3) Japanese General Staff Under the Direction of SCAP, Japanese Operations in the Southwest Pacific Area, 8 December 1941
to 2 September 1945 (Vol. II), Ch. VI, pp. 42-44, MS, in OCMH files. The
Japanese admit the loss of 8 transports, 4 destroyers, and 3,664 men in
this engagement.
61 By the end of February, U.S. Army forces alone deployed in the Pacific
(excluding Alaska)-374,000--exceeded by 76,000 those in the Mediterranean theater-298,000-and by almost 267,000 those in the European
theater-107,000. STM-30, 1 May 46.
62 The principal theater representatives were: From SWPA:
-Lt. Gen. George C. Kenney-Allied Air Force commander
Maj. Gen. Richard K. Sutherland MacArthur's chief of staff
Brig. Gen. Stephen J. Chamberlin MacArthur's operations officer-
From SOPAC:
Lt. Gen. Millard F. Harmon COMGENSOPAG
Maj. Gen, Nathan F. Twining-CG Thirteenth Air Force
Capt. Miles R. Browning, USN Halsey's chief of staff
Brig. Gen. De Wit: Peck, USMC Marine Corps planner on Halsey's staff-
From CPA:
Lt. Gen. Delos C. Emmons-Hawaiian Dept commander
Rear Adm. Raymond A, Spruance, USN-deputy and chief of staff to Nimitz
Brig, Gen. Leonard R. Boyd-Emmons' chief of staff
Capt. Forrest P. Sherman, USN-on Nimitz' staff
Capt. Ernest G, Small, USN-on Nimitz' staff
.
63 Memo, Wedemeyer for CofS, 16 Mar 43, sub: Conf on Operations in
the Pacific, ABC 370.26 (7-8-42), 4, Following the adjournment of the
Casablanca Conference, General Wedemeyer, who had served as General
Marshall's special adviser at the meetings, made a trip around the world,
visiting the principal commanders who had not been present or represented at
the conference. His object was to become familiar at firsthand with theater
problems and to acquaint commanders with the pertinent decisions reached at
the conference. His arrival for discussions in the Southwest Pacific merged
with preparations for the Pacific Military Conference. He returned to
Washington, in the company of the Pacific delegation, to take part in that
conference.
64 ELKTON Plan, 28 Feb 43, ABC 370.26 (7-8-42 ), 2.
65 (1) Memo, Handy for Pacific Conferees, 13 Mar 43;, sub: Deployment of
Forces, Item 1b, Exec 2. (2) Min, 3d mtg of Pacific Military Conf, 13 Mar
43, ABC 370.26 (7-8-42), 4. (3) SS 35, memo, Blizzard for Wedemeyer, 13
Mar 43, sub: Analysis of ELKTON Requirements, ABC 381 SS Papers, Nos.
2-95 (7 Jan 43).
66 (1) Min, 3d nag of Pacific Military Conf, 13 Mar 43. (2) Min, 4th mtg of Pacific Military Conf 15 Mar 43. (3) Memo, Wedemeyer for CofS, 16
Mar 43, sub: Conf on Operations in the Pacific. All in 1BC 370.26 (7-8-42).
67 Memo, Harmon and Sutherland for the joint planners, 14 Mar 43, Annex A
to min 4th mtg of Pacific Military Conf, 15 Mar 43, ABC 370.26 (7-8-42), 4.
68 (1) JCS 238, 16 Mar 43, title: Plan for Operations for the Seizure of
the Solomon Islands-New Guinea-New Ireland Area. (2) Min, 66th mtg JCS, 16 Mar 43.
69 JCS 238/1, 18 Mar 43, title: Plan for Operations for the Seizure of the
Solomon Islands-New Guinea New Britain-New Ireland Area. The planners
estimated that from 1 April to 30 September 1943, 127,722 troop spaces
would be available in addition to 129,995 replacements needed by the Army
and Navy, and some 87 cargo sailings besides the 387 necessary to sustain
the forces already present in the theaters.
70 Min, 67th mtg JCS, 19 Mar 43. General Kenney hints that the President
may have influenced the decision to give the Pacific more planes. See
George C. Kenney, General Kenney Reports (New York, Duell, Sloan and
Pearce, 1949), pp. 215-16.
71 (1) Memo, Handy for Pacific Conferees, 13 Mar 43, sub: Deployment of
Forces, Item 1b, Exec 2. (2)
Msg, Marshall to MacArthur, 23 Mar 43, CM-OUT 8736.
72 Memo, Sutherland, Spruance, and Browning for the JCS, 20 Mar 43, sub:
Offensive Operations in SOPAC and SWPA During 1943, Item 1a, Exec 2.
73 Min, 68th mtg JCS, 21 Mar 43.
74 Memo, King for Marshall, 19 Mar 43, sub: Offensive Operations in
Solomons-New Guinea Area, ABC 370.26 (7-8-42), 4.
75 (1) Memo, King for
JCS, 27 Mar 43, circulated its App. C, JCS 238/4. (2) Memo, Cooke for
Handy, 22 Mar 43, no sub. (3) Memo, Cooke for Handy, 24 Mar 43, no sub. (4)
Memo, Cooke for Handy, 23 Mar 43, sub: Comd in the Pacific. Last three in
Item 1a, Exec 2.
76 (1) Joint Dir for Offensive Operations in SWPA, 2 Jul
42, WDCSA SWPA (7-2-42). (2) Notes for Gen Marshall on Adm King's Proposed
Dir, 19 Mar 43, ABC 370.26 (7-8-42), 4. (3) Army Proposal 1, 20 Mar 43. (4)
Army Proposal 2, 23 Mar 43. (5) Memo, Handy for Cooke, 25 Mar 43, no sub.
(6) Memo, Marshall for JCS, 26 Mar 43, no sub. Last four in Item 1a, Exec 2.
77 (1) Leahy, I Was There, p. 153- (2) Memo, Deane for Marshall, 27 Mar
43, sub: Proposed Directive for Operations in SOPAC and SWPA, ABC 370.26
(7-8-42), 1. (3) Memo, Handy for CofS, 27 Mar 43, sub: Proposed Dir for
Operations in SOPAC and SWPA, ABC 370.26 (7-8-42), 1. (4) Min, 70th mtg
JCS, 28 Mar 43.
78 (1) Min, 70th mtg JCS, 28 Mar 43. (2) Msg, MacArthur to Marshall, 25
Mar 43, CM-IN 13827.
79 Msg, JCS to MacArthur, Nimitz, and Halsey, 29 Mar 43, CM-OUT 11091. A
comparison of this directive with Marshall's proposals of 8 January shows
how closely Marshall's first suggestions approximated the final result.
For the 8 January proposals, see:, memo, Marshall for King, 8 Jan 43,
sub: Strategic Direction of Operations in SWPA, OPD 384 PTO, 2.
80 (1) Memo, King for CofS, 2 May 43, no sub, OPD 381 Security, 109. (2)
Navy msg 011810, COMINCH for COMSOPAC, 31 Mar 43, Item lb, Exec 2. (3)
Navy msg 010111, COMSOPAC for CINCPAC, 1 Apr 43, Item lb, Exec 2. (4)
Memo, CNO for CofS, sub: Modernization Alterations on USS Phoenix now Assigned to SWPA, 3 Apr 43, Item 67c, Exec l0. (5) Memo,
CNO for CON, 25 Apr 43, sub: Small Landing Craft in SWPA, Item 67c, Exec
l0. (6) Admiral of the Fleet William Frederick Halsey and Lt. Comdr. J.
Bryan, III, Admiral Halsey's Story (New York, Whittlesey House, 1947), pp.
154-55.
81 (1) Msg, Marshall to MacArthur, 3 May 43, CM-OUT 1108. (2) Msg,
MacArthur to Marshall, 5 May 43, CM-IN 3409.
82 Msg, MacArthur to Marshall, 27 May 43, CM-IN 17166.
83 (1) Msg, Kenney to Arnold, 6 May 43, CM-IN 3457. (2) Msg, Marshall to
Kenney, 6 May 43, CM-OUT 2358. (3) Msg, Arnold to Kenney, 7 May 43, CM-OUT
3002. (4) Msg, Marshall to MacArthur, 8 May 43, CM-OUT 3614.
84 (1) Memo, Deane for Leahy, Marshall, King, and Arnold, 24 Mar 43, sub:
Allocation of Additional Aircraft to Australia, Item 55, Exec 10. (2) Msg, Marshall to MacArthur, 8 May 43, CM-OUT 3391. (3) Memo, Marshall for
President, 23 May 43, sub: Aircraft for the RAAF, WDCSA Australia. (4)
Memo, Marshall for President, 25 May 43, sub: Dr. Evatt's Request for the
RAAF, WDCSA Australia. (5) Ltr, Evatt for President, 3 Jun 43, WDCSA
Australia. (6) Memo, J. T. M. for CofS, 7 Jun 43, sub: Conversation with
the President, WDCSA 560 Antisubmarine Operations: (7) Memo, McNarney for
President, 9 Jun 43, sub: Suggested Program for the Development of the RAAF
to 71 Squadrons, WDCSA Australia.
85 Speech, "Outline Strategy of the War," by Bessell, presented at Army
and Navy Staff College, Washington, D. C., 8 Jan 46, Tab 5, ABC 350.001
Speeches (26 Oct 46), 1 .
86 The northern route runs roughly via Alaska, the Aleutians, and the Kamchatka Peninsula into the Kuril Islands and the maritime provinces of
tile Soviet Union.
87 Memo, King for JCS, 21 Sep .42, sub: Campaign Against Japan via the
Northern Route, ABC 381 Japan (5-31-42), 1.
88 JPS 67/1, 30 Nov 42, title: Campaign Against Japan via the Northern
Route.
89 Min, 49th mtg JCS, 5 Jan 43.
90 Msg, Stalin to Roosevelt, 13 Jan 43, incl to memo, Lt Col Thomas W. Hammnond,
Jr., JCS, for Gen Handy, 21 Jan 43, sub: Bradley Mission, Item
20, Exec 1. For background and details of the Bradley mission, see
Matloff and Snell, Strategic Planning.1941-42, PP. 343-46.
91 Msg, President to Stalin, 8 Jan 43, Item 20, Exec 1.
92 Ltr, Marshall to DeWitt, 17 Dec 42, Tab L to memo, Marshall for SW, 12
Jan 43, sub: Occupation of Amchitka, WDCSA Alaska Super Secret.
There were 86,089 troops in Alaska at the end of November; the total was
increased to 96,061 a month later. See STM-30, 1 Jan 48.
93 Min, 58th mtg JCS, 22 Jan 43.
94 Matloff and Snell, Strategic Planning: 1941-42, Ch. XV.
95 Navy msg, 070,15, CTF 8 to CINCPAC, 7 Mar 43, OPD 381 Security, 39.
96
Navy msg, 111221, COMINCH to CINCPAC and CG WDC, 10 Mar 43, OPD 381
Security, 39.
97 Navy msg, 172939, CG WDC, to CINCPAC, 19 Mar 43, OPD 381 Security, 39.
98 (1) Memo, King for CofS, 22 Mar 43, sub: Operation Against Attu. (2)
Memo, Handy for CNO, 22 Mar 43, sub: Operations Against Attu. Both in OPD
381 Security, 54.
99 (1) Memo for rcd, 22 Mar 43, no sub, OPD 381 Security, 54. (2) Memo,
Col Henry A. Barber, Jr., for Gen Hull, 23 Mar 43, sub: LANDCRAB, Book 8,
Exec 8. (3) Transcript of tel conf between DeWitt and Hull, 23 Mar 43,
Book 8, Exec 8.
100 Ltr, CG Landing Force to CG WDC, 22 Jun 43, sub: Rpt of
Operations, OPD 381 Security, 74.
l0l Ltr, DeWitt to Marshall, 1 Apr 43, WDCSA Alaska Super Secret.
102 (1) Ibid. (2) Ltr, Marshall to CG WDC, 12 Apr 43, WDCSA
Alaska.
103 Ltr, CG Landing Force to CG WDC, 22 Jun 43, sub: Rpt of Operations,
OPD 381 Security, 74.
104 Mark S. Watson, The Beginnings of Service Unification, MS, OCMH files.
105 JCS 215, 11 Feb 43, title: System of Comd for Combined U.S.-Br
Operations.
106 OPD brief, 16 Feb 43, title: Notes . . . JCS 62d mtg, filed with JCS
215 in ABC 322.07 (8-24-42).
107 JCS 215/1, 15 Feb 43, title: System of Comd for Combined U.S.-Br
Operations. King cited specifically the staff of the Commander in Chief,
Atlantic Fleet, which would have to have British, Canadian, Dutch,
Norwegian, etc., representatives.
108 OPD brief, 16 Feb 43, title: Notes . . . JCS 62d mtg, with JCS 215/1
in ABC 322.07 (8-24-42).
109 Min, 62d mtg JCS, 16 Feb 43.
110 (1) Memo, Secy JPS for Cooke and Wedemeyer, 23 Mar 43, sub: Unified
Comd for U.S. Joint Operations, ABC 370.26 Unity of Comd (3-16-42), 1-A.
(2) OPD brief, 24. Mar 43, title: Notes . . . JPS 66th mtg, Unified Comd
for U.S. Joint Operations, with JPS 54 in ABC 370.26 Unity of Comd
(3-16-42), 1-A. (3) JSSC 6/1, 16 Jan 43, title: Unified Comd of U.S. Joint
Operations.
111 (1) OPD brief, 24 Mar 43, title: Notes . . . JPS 66th mtg, Unified
Comd for U.S. Joint Operations, with JPS 54 in ABC 370.26 Unity of Comd
(3-16-42), 1-A. (2) Min, 66th mtg JPS, 24 Mar 43. (3) OPD brief, 31 Mar 43,
title: Notes . . . JPS 67th mtg, Unified Comd for U.S. Joint Operations,
with JPS 54 in ABC 370.26 Unity of Comd (3-16-42), 1-A
112 (1) Min, 69th mtg JPS, 14 Apr 43. (2) JCS 263, 15 Apr 43, title:
Unified Comd for U.S. Joint Operations.
113 (1) OPD brief, 20 Apr 43, title: Notes . . . JCS 75th mtg, Unified
Comd in U.S. Joint Operations (JCS 263 and 263/1), ABC 370.26 Unity of
Comd (3-16-42), 1-A. (2) Min, 75th mtg JCS, 20 Apr 43. (3) JCS 263/2/D,
20 Apr 43, title: Unified Comd of U.S. Joint Operations. (4) AG ltr, 23
Apr
43, sub: Unified Comd for U.S. Joint Operations, .AG 384 (4-21-43),
OB-S-E.M.
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