DARWIN Digitale Dissertationen German Version Strich

FU Berlin
Digitale Dissertation

Steffen Frey :
Laser Remote Sensing of Planetary Boundary Layer Properties
Laser-Fernerkundung der planetaren Grenzschicht

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Abstract

The planetary boundary layer is the lowest and strongest polluted part of the atmosphere. It is turbulent due to friction of the horizontally moving air at the ground and vertical convective flow, resulting in a good mixing at day time and the formation of stable layers during night of natural and anthropogenic gases and particles emitted at the earth surface and their chemical reaction products. Furthermore it hosts most of the biosphere, it is the anthroposphere and an important resource for industry and agriculture. The growing global population and urbanization, rapid industrialization, and destruction of natural ecosystems of our planet have raised serious concerns about the impact of human activities on the chemical composition and physical properties of the whole atmosphere and the planetary boundary layer in particular, with consequences for global climate, human health, and ecosystems. This gives reason to pursue studies of the chemistry, dispersion and radiative transfer. Laser remote sensing methods, often referred as Lidar (light detection and ranging), are ideally suited to observe the highly temporal and spatial structured gas concentrations and physical properties of the planetary boundary layer. Besides the measured quantity the range is determined by the transit time of the short Laser pulses. The intention of the presented thesis is to develop methods avoiding systematic errors in the spectroscopic evaluation, due to superposition of scattering and absorption effects of gases, aerosol and clouds, fast changes in the backscatter intensity and strong concentration gradients and to apply the measured data for chemical and meteorological analysis. The first part of the thesis summarises the properties of the planetary boundary layer, as far as they are relevant to the applied measurement methods and it describes a chemistry and dispersion model for the Berlin/Brandenburg region whose results are compared to measurements later on. Below the developed models for molecular and aerosol scattering and the inversion algorithms for trace gas concentration, aerosol and temperature measurements are explained in detail. The third part is dedicated to the description of the developed and used instruments, as there are the Lidar station "Charité" in the city centre of Berlin and a mobile high repetition rate Ozone, water vapour, aerosol Lidar. The latter uses the Raman-DIAL method for Ozone measurements, avoiding completely the dangerous backscatter error even at strong gradients of aerosol layers. Furthermore a new calibration free temperature Lidar method is presented, which is ideally suited to complement existing aerosol Lidar. Last but not least measured data is presented with interpretations and model comparison. Most of the measurements were done during the Berlin Ozone Experiment (BERLIOZ) in 1998 and the intercomparison campaign for the investigation of aerosol errors on Ozone LIDAR (OLAK) in 1999.

Table of Contents

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Kapitel 1

1.1
1.1.1
1.1.2
1.1.3
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
1.3
1.4
1.4.1
1.5
1.5.1
1.5.1.1
1.5.2

Kapitel 2

2.1
2.1.1
2.1.1.1
2.1.1.2
2.1.1.3
2.1.2
2.1.2.1
2.1.2.2
2.1.3
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.2.1
2.2.2.2
2.2.2.3
2.2.3
2.2.3.1
2.2.3.2
2.2.3.3
2.2.4
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3

Kapitel 3

3.1
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.3.1
3.1.4
3.1.4.1
3.1.4.2
3.1.5
3.1.6
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.2.1
3.2.2.2
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.2.1
3.3.2.2
3.3.2.3
3.3.3
3.3.3.1
3.4
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.4.4

Kapitel 4

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4

Deckblatt,Inhaltsverzeichnis
Einführung
Die planetare Grenzschicht

Zusammensetzung der Atmosphäre
Trockene Luft
Wasser
Aerosol
Die Schichtung der Erdatmosphäre
Luftdruck
Lufttemperatur
Stabilitaet der atmosphaerischen Schichtung
Dynamik der Grenzschicht und Turbulenz
Strahlungsbilanz
Klimarelevanz von Spurengasen und Aerosol
Luftchemie in der planetaren Grenzschicht
Das photochemische Ausbreitungsmodell CALGRID
Bestimmung meteorologischer Parameter mit CALMET
Wirkung von Luftverunreinigungen auf Menschen und Pflanzen

Laser-Fernerkundung

Streuung von Licht in der Atmosphäre
Streuung an Luftmolekülen
Der Rayleigh-Streuquerschnitt
Absorption
Raman-Streuung
Aerosol-Streuung
Mie-Theorie
Modell der Aerosol-Streuung
Lichttransmission durch die turbulente planetare Grenzschicht
Laser-Fernerkundungsmethoden
Numerischer Umgang mit Rückstreusignalen
Elastische Rückstreusignale
Aerosol
Depolarisation
Spurengase
Raman-Rückstreusignale
Aerosol
Spurengase
Temperatur
Das Doppler-Lidar
Berechnung sekundärer Grössen
Die Mischungsschichthöhe
Die Sichtweite
Aerosol-Grössenverteilung und Brechzahl

Die Messgeräte

Bestandteile eines Lidar
Der Laser
Sendeoptik
Empfangsoptik
Das Teleskop
Tageslichtfilter
Monochromator
Interferenzfilter
Detektoren und digitale Erfassung der Messdaten
Infrastruktur
Die Lidar-Station Charité
Das Aerosol-Lidar der Charité-Station
Spurengas-Lidar
Der abstimmbare Zwei-Wellenlängen-Festkörperlaser
Signalempfang und Erfassung
Das Kilohertz-Lidar
Vorteile und Grenzen hoher Pulswiederholraten
Das Raman-Aerosol-Ozon-Wasserdampf-Lidar
Laser und Drei-Wellenlängen-Sendeoptik
Multispektrale Empfangsoptik
Signalaufnahme
Das 1-kHz-Absorptions-Lidar
Der Ce:LiCaF-Ultraviolett-Festkörperlaser
Ergänzende und Vergleichs-Messungen
Fesselballonsystem
Flugzeugmessungen
In-Situ-Ozon- und Aerosol-Messungen der Charité-Station
Berliner Luftgüte-Messnetz

Die planetare Grenzschicht aus der Sicht des Lidar

Aerosol
Mischungsschichthöhe
Spurengase
Temperatur

Zusammenfassung
Verzeichnis verwendeter Symbole
Literaturverzeichnis
Danksagung, Lebenslauf, Publikationen


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More Information:

Online available: http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2002/208/indexe.html
Language of PhDThesis: german
Keywords: Lidar, Aerosol, Ozon, Planetare Grenzschicht, Laser, Atmosphäre
DNB-Sachgruppe: 29 Physik, Astronomie
Classification MSC: 86A10
Classification PACS: 42.68.
Date of disputation: 03-Jun-2002
PhDThesis from: Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin
First Referee: Professor Dr. Ludger Wöste
Second Referee: Professor Dr. Klaus-Dieter Kramer
Contact (Author): steffen.frey@berlin.de
Contact (Advisor): woeste@physik.fu-berlin.de
Date created:07-Oct-2002
Date available:10-Oct-2002

 

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