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Writing for the Web: A Primer for Librarians
by Eric H. Schnell
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Although there are many style manuals being written on how Web documents
should be designed, there is really no "correct" style. Style manuals help to formalize
document design, however, it is more important for each library to come up with its
own standards. Continuity and consistency should be the goal of any set of standards.
For those new to creating Web documents, there are some basic design
considerations which should be kept in mind when developing local standards.
- Utilize an organizational method and writing style for your site which is
familiar to your primary audience. Use the language and vocabulary of your
users.
- Prevent users from getting confused or frustrated by limiting your Home
Page in size. Include a few primary items on the home page which
encourages further exploration of your site.
- Each Web page should be able to stand on its own. Try to limit each
page to one concept or idea. Organize the page for quick scanning. Annotate
any lists of resources so the user knows what to expect when the link is
followed.
- While the use of images enhances the visual presentation, balance
aesthetics with functionality. Place an emphasis on providing quality
information for your users and limit the use of in-line images as much
as possible. When providing access to large images, provide the user
with a thumbnail image which links to the larger image. Provide the user
with information about the size of the image as well as the file format.
Consider the use of the <ALT> tag when a great number of images are
being used. <ALT> provides text as an alternative to the graphics
for display in text-only environments.
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 PDF files can be highlighted using the PDF icon to the left. Information about file size should also be provided so the patron can estimate how long it would take to download.
- Try not to design documents based on what they look like using a
particular browser. Allow as many users as possible
to access your information - regardless of if they are using a text based
or a graphical browser. Don't rely heavily on emphasizing text with italics, bolds, or
capital letters.
- Limit the use of new HTML tags. Since HTML itself is changing
every 6 to 12 months, it can become very time consuming to keep up with the
changes. While
HTML version 4.0 has been recommended, some
Web browsers do not support HTML 4.0 tags. In fact, stay behind the browser
curve and do not implement all the neat HTML features right away.
- A consistent look and feel of the Web pages can help to establish a site's
identity. Develop templates which are used when adding new pages onto your
site. Make sure each page is signed and dated by the person maintaining it. Provide
an e-mail address for patrons to contact with any questions of concerns. Add the
URL of the page at the bottom so those printing the document can recall where
it was located.
- Ensure usability by utilizing navigational landmarks within a sites documents.
Use consistent navigational elements, such as a link back to the home page, so
users can move smoothly through your site.
- Point to the software pieces your patrons may need to use your site. If you
have audio and video components, then point them to a Web site where they can
download appropriate viewers.
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