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FU Berlin
Digitale Dissertation

Klemens Hippel :
Prolegomena to a pragmatic theory of television
Prolegomena zu einer pragmatischen Fernsehtheorie

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Abstract

This dissertation is suggesting a new approach for a pragmatic theory of television. It concentrates on a systematic description of specific text strategies with the function of building a relation between text and audience. It is assumed that a better understanding of these strategies will be helpful for further empirical research.

Firstly it is necessary to clarify the status of the performers. The reference to the concept of ´persona´, which has the features of a ´person` and a ´character´, makes this tangible. It enables to understand the phenomenon of the seemingly interpersonal relationships between performer and audience. At the same time the ´persona concept´ enables to describe the auctorial function of TV performers within their (own) texts.

The textual procedures of reference to the audience are divided heuristically into three categories:

1. Assigning a position for the audience ´inside´ the text.
Withdrawn from Literature and Film Studies, the concept of an implied spectator is specified and utilized for Television Studies. Besides the phenomenon of live characteristic and the substitute characteristic of the studio audience, an up to this time ignored strategy of television is focussed: The assignment of an auctorial function to the spectator.

2. Addressing the audience.
Addressing strategies are often seen as trivial features of texts. But it is important to stress the multitude devices of how television operates in engaging the audience into communicative situations. These strategies are putting the spectator into the position of a ratified participant of the interaction and they are creating a communicative contract with him.

3. Creating a joint communicative situation.
Up to this point reflections about the theory of situations are rare in Television Studies. This approach offers an instrument for further studies in this direction. With the dichotomy of ´profilmique - afilmique´ as well as the concept of frame this dissertation enables to study the construction and representation of situations in television texts.

Table of Contents

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Titelblatt und Inhaltsverzeichnis 1
0. Vorbemerkung 6
1. Zum Konzept einer pragmatischen Fernsehtheorie 13
1.1 Begriffliche Voraussetzungen 18
1.2 Zur Einordnung in die aktuelle Fernsehforschung 23
1.3 Zum Begriff des Textes 35
1.4 Resümee und Konsequenzen des Ansatzes 41
2. Fernsehperfomer in einer Texttheorie des Fernsehens 42
2.1 personae 45
2.2 Kommunikative Kontrakte 54
2.3 Die persona Harald Schmidt 58
2.4 Resümee 62
3. Ausrichtung 63
4. Der Zuschauer "im" Text 66
4.1 Zum impliziten Zuschauer 66
4.2 Zur Integration des Zuschauers in den Text 71
4.2.1 Positionszuweisung 72
4.2.2 Live 72
4.2.3 Stellvertretung 74
4.2.4 Perspektive 75
4.2.5 Spectator in the text 79
4.2.6 Identifikation 79
4.2.7 Die Stimme des Zuschauers 81
4.2.8 Koalitionen 83
4.3 Der Zuschauer als Autor 84
5. Adressierung 87
5.1 Zum Begriff der Adressierung 87
5.2 Zuschauertypen 88
5.3 Intentionalität 96
5.4 Zum Konzept des Adressaten 99
5.5 Statuszuweisungen 105
5.6 Indirekte Adressierung 110
5.6.1 Interviewstil 112
5.6.2 Indirekte Adressierung durch Kandidaten 114
5.7 Zur Kameraadressierung 116
5.8 Zur Funktion von Adressierungen 118
6. Situationalität 122
6.1 Zur Situation im Fernsehen 122
6.2 Zur doppelten Situationalität des Fernsehens 126
6.3 Entwürfe einer Situationstheorie des Fernsehens 128
6.4 Profilmische und afilmische Situationen 131
6.5 Zur Repräsentation von Situationen 135
6.6 Rahmen 136
6.7 Repräsentationsrahmen 138
6.8 Simulation einer face-to-face Situation 141
6.9 Repräsentation einer Situation für den Zuschauer 142
6.9.1 Situationsdefinitionen 142
6.9.2 Audiovisuelle Abbildungen der Studiosituation 144
6.10 Zur Kamera 149
6.11 Zur Aufrechterhaltung der Situation 151
6.12 Störungen 153
7. Zusammenfassung 158
8. Bibliographie 162
9. Filmographie 192
9.1 Fiction 192
9.1.1 Serien 192
9.1.2 Filme 192
9.2 Non-Fiction 192

More Information:

Online available: http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2000/37/indexe.html
Language of PhDThesis: german
Keywords: television; situation; address;pragmatic;implied reader
DNB-Sachgruppe: 49 Theater, Tanz, Film
Date of disputation: 24-Jun-1998
PhDThesis from: Fachbereich Philosophie und Geisteswissenschaften, Freie Universität Berlin
First Referee: Professor Dr. Hans J. Wulff
Second Referee: Professor Dr. Klaus Kanzog
Contact (Author): khippel@gmx.de
Date created:21-Mar-2000
Date available:24-Aug-2000

 

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