No comprehensive treatment of this period has yet appeared which represents fairly the present state of knowledge or the point of view of recent students. Of the general histories written during the eighteenth century, John Oldmixon, British Empire in America (2 vols., 1708; revised edition, 1741), and William Douglass, A Summary, Historical and Political, . . . of the British Settlements in

North America (2 vols., 1749, 1751), are still worth consulting, though neither is accurate. The most scholarly of the eighteenth-century writers was George Chalmers, whose works covering this period are An Introduction to the History of the Revolt of the American Colonies (vol. I., 1782; 2 vols. 1845), and his fragmentary Continuation (to 1696) of his Political Annals of the Present United Colonies (this continuation is in New York Historical Society, Collections, Publication Fund, 1868). Chalmers was a royalist official who had had experience in America, and argued that the colonists were during this period aiming at independence. Notwithstanding this theory, his careful study of the British state papers makes his Revolt still the best general account of colonial politics in the eighteenth century.

     The accounts of the period by George Bancroft, History of the United States (last revision, 6 vols., 1888), and Richard Hildreth, History of the United States (6 vols., 1849-1852), are both scholarly, but defective on the institutional side and antiquated in method of treatment and point of view. The various volumes by John Fiske are fragmentary in their treatment of the eighteenth century, especially for New England, and lay special stress upon the picturesque aspects of politics and society. Another popular treatment is by Bryant and Gay, Popular History of the United States (4 vols., 1881, especially vol. III.), but neither this work nor Fiske gives an adequate view of general political conditions and tendencies. Justin Winsor, Narrative and Critical History of America (8 vols., 1888-1889), contains in vol. V. some learned and indispensable chapters, especially that by the editor on New England; but there is little account of general movements except on the international side. John A. Doyle, English in America (3 vols., 1882-1887), is as yet mainly confined to the seventeenth century.

of these papers have been published in the Calendars of State Papers, Colonial Series: America and West Indies (9 vols., 1860-1903); but the last volume so far published stops at1696 . Much of the remaining material has, however, been published by state governments and historical societies. Especially valuable for general colonial conditions are: the Documents Relative to the Colonial History of New York (14 vols. and index, 1856-1883); Documents Relating to the Colonial History of New Jersey (22 vols., 1880-1902); and Colonial Records of North Carolina (10 vols., 1886-1890).

     Important contemporary documents are reprinted in Peter Force, Tracts and other Papers relating principally to the Colonies in North America (4 vols., 1836-1846), and in G. P. Humphrey, American Colonial Tracts (18 Nos., 1897-1898). Albert Bushnell Hart, American History Told by Contemporaries (4 vols., 1897-1901; vol. II. on this period), is representative both in the topics covered and in the narratives chosen to illustrate them.

     The following histories of England covering this period are important for international relations: Leopold von Ranke, History of England, principally in the Seventeenth Century (6 vols., 1875); W. E. H. Lecky, England in the Eighteenth Century (8 vols., 1878-1890); Lord Mahon, History of England, 1713-1783 (vols. I.-III., 1858); Earl Stanhope, History of England, 1701-1713 (2 vols., 1872; also 1 vol., 1870); Carl von Noorden, Der Spanische Erbfolge-Krieg (3 vols., 1870-1882; published as vols. I.-III. of his Europaische Geschichte in Achtzehnten Jahrhundert), is the most adequate account of the War of the Spanish Succession and the underlying issues of commerce and politics. The lives, memoirs, and published papers of such statesmen as Marlborough, Bolingbroke, and Walpole should also be studied, together with the reports of debates, in William Cobbett, Parliamentary History of England (36 vols., 1806-1820).

     For the colonial wars from 1689 to 1713, the leading secondary authorities are: Francis Parkman, Count Frontenac and New France (1878), and his Half-Century of Conflict (2 vols., 1892); Henri Lorin, Le Comte de Frontenac (1895); William Kingsford, History of Canada (vols. II., III., 1888); S. A. Drake, Border Wars of New England (1897). G. W. Schuyler, Colonial New York (3 vols., 1885), is valuable for the New York frontier.

     The principal English documents are in Documents Relative to the Colonial History of New York, III.-V.; vol. IX. contains translations from the French archives. The important contemporary history of the border warfare is Samuel Penhallow, Wars of New England with the Eastern Indians (1726; new ed., 1859). Cadwallader Colden, Five Indian Nations (1727; good editions by J. G. Shea, 1866, and G. P. Winship, 1904), is also valuable. Compare, on this section, Reuben G. Thwaites, France in America (American Nation, VII.), chap. xix.

     For the relation of colonial policy to economic development see William Cunningham, English Industry and Commerce in Modern Times, pt. i. (1903). An old-fashioned but substantial work is Adam Anderson, An Historical and Chronological Deduction of the Origin of Commerce (4 vols., 1787-1789). The best brief account of British colonial policy is H. E. Egerton, Short History of British Colonial Policy (1897), based in part upon the state papers. G. L. Beer, Commercial Policy of England towards the American Colonies (Columbia University Studies, III., No. 2, 1893), is the most complete study on the commercial side.

     Contemporary English opinion may be studied in numerous political tracts (see bibliography in Beer, as above); in William Cobbett, Parliamentary History of England (1806-1820); in Journals of the House of Commons and Journals of the House of Lords. The statutes to 1713 are in Statutes of the Realm (12 vols., 1810-1828); after that

date in Danby Pickering, Statutes at Large (109 vols. and index, 1762).

     Louise P. Kellogg, The American Colonial Charter (American Historical Association, Report, 1903, I., 185-341), is an excellent essay upon British administrative policy, chiefly during this period, based largely upon the state papers in London. Other useful essays are: Eleanor L. Lord, Industrial Experiments in the British Colonies of North America (Johns Hopkins University Studies, extra vol., 1898); H. D. Hazeltine, Appeals from Colonial Courts to the King in Council (American Historical Association, Report, 1894); E. P. Tanner, “Colonial Agencies,” in Political Science Quarterly, XVI., 24-49 (1901). For legal questions, Chalmers, Opinions of Eminent Lawyers on Various Points of English Jurisprudence, etc. (2 vols., 1814; also I vol., 1858), is of the first importance; it contains a number of official reports on disallowing colonial statutes. See also St. G. L. Sioussat, The English Statutes in Maryland (Johns Hopkins University Studies, XXI., Nos. 11, 12).

     The documentary collections of New York, New Jersey, and North Carolina mentioned above contain important material on this subject. Especially valuable also are the following volumes of official correspondence: Robert N. Toppan, ed., Edward Randolph (5 vols., 1898-1899); the Belcher Papers (Massachusetts Historical Society, Collections, 6th series, VI., VII.); the Talcott Papers (Connecticut Historical Society, Collections, IV., V.); G. S. Kimball, ed., Correspondence of the Colonial Governors of Rhode Island, 1723-1775 (2 vols., 1902-1903); Correspondence between William Penn and James Logan (Pennsylvania Historical Society, Memoirs, IX., X.).

     Consult for subject-matter and bibliography of this section, Andrews, Colonial Self-Government (American Nation, V.), especially chaps. i., ii., xvii., xx.

     H. L. Osgood, The American Colonies in the Seventeenth Century (1904), in the two volumes published, is limited

to the proprietary and corporate colonies, but the royal provinces are to be considered in a third volume. Though dealing mainly with earlier conditions, these scholarly volumes constitute a valuable introduction to the study of political institutions in the eighteenth century. For the later period the student must depend upon monographic and documentary material.

     E. B. Greene, The Provincial Governor in the English Colonies of North America (Harvard Historical Studies, VII., 1898), includes the royal and proprietary colonies, and gives special attention to the conflicts between the governors and the representative assemblies. The representative element in the constitution is considered in two careful monographs: C. F. Bishop, History of Elections in the American Colonies (Columbia University Studies, III., No. x), is chiefly a summary of colonial legislation; A. E. McKinley, The Suffrage Franchise in the Thirteen English Colonies (University of Pennsylvania, Publications, Series in History, No. 2, 1905), is extremely detailed, giving more attention to causes and effects. Frank H. Miller, Legal Qualifications for Office (American Historical Association, Report, 1899, I., pp. 87-151), deals with another side of the representative system.

     The following are useful accounts of particular provinces: [Edward] Long, History of Jamaica (3 vols., 1774), a good early description of a royal province; J. V. L. McMahon, An Historical View of the Government of Maryland (vol. I., 1831); [Benjamin Franklin], Historical Review of the Constitution and Government of Pennsylvania (London, 1759; reprinted in Franklin, Works, Sparks’s edition, 1809), a partisan narrative. The best recent study of a royal government is W. Roy Smith, South Carolina as a Royal Province (1903); less successful, but useful, is C. L. Raper, North Carolina (1904); cf. E. L. Whitney, Government of the Colony of South Carolina (Johns Hopkins University Studies, XIII., No. 2, 1895). The best account of a proprietary province is N. D. Mereness, Maryland as a Proprietary Province (1901). W. R. Shepherd, History of Proprietary

Government in Pennsylvania (Columbia University Studies, VI., 1896), contains valuable material and shows thorough research, but is unfortunately constructed. Isaac Sharpless, History of Quaker Government in Pennsylvania, 1682-1783 (1898, also 1902 as vol. I. of his Quaker Experiment in Government), is fair minded and suggestive.

     CHURCH OF ENGLAND.—J. S. M. Anderson, History of the Church of England in the Colonies (revised ed., 3 vols., 1856), is written by a moderate Anglican, largely from first-hand material, and, though old-fashioned, is still valuable. The most important recent history is W. S. Perry, History of the American Episcopal Church (2 vols., 1885); it contains some monographic chapters contributed by other writers, and important selections from the sources. Arthur L. Cross, The Anglican Episcopate and the American Colonies (Harvard Historical Studies, IX., 1902), is a scholarly monograph founded on manuscript as well as printed material dealing with the colonial jurisdiction of the Bishop of London and the attempts to establish an American episcopate. Bishop [William] Meade, Old Churches, Ministers, and Families of Virginia (2 vols., 1857, also, 1872), is a valuable authority on religious and social history. The most important documentary collections are: Hawks and Perry, Documentary History of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States (2 vols., 1863-1864), and W. S. Perry, Papers Relating to the History of the Church (5 vols., 1870-1878), containing documents for Connecticut, Virginia, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Maryland, and Delaware.

     NEW ENGLAND PURITANISM.—See on this subject, H. M. Dexter, Congregationalism as Seen in Its Literature (1880); P. E. Lauer, Church and State in New England (Johns Hopkins University Studies, X., Nos. 2, 3); I. Backus, History of New England with Particular Reference to the Denomination of Christians Called Baptists (2d ed., 1871), valuable for the relations between the Congregational establishment and the dissenting bodies; E. F.

Slafter, ed., John Checkley, or the Evolution of Religious Tolerance in Massachusetts Bay (2 vols., 1897); A. P. Marvin, Life and Times of Cotton Mather (1892); Barrett Wendell, Cotton Mather, the Puritan Priest (1891), a brief but suggestive study, based largely on Mather’s diaries. Important as illustrating religious feeling are: Cotton Mather, Magnalia Christi Americana (1702; best ed., 2 vols., 1853); and Samuel Sewall, Diary (Massachusetts Histoncal Society, Collections, 5th series, V.-VII.).

     WITCHCRAFT.—For the abundant literature on this episode, see Justin Winsor, The Literature of Witchcraft in New England (American Antiquarian Society, Proceedings, X., 351-373, 1896). The most detailed study is in C. W. Upham, Salem Witchcraft (2 vols., 1867); but his treatment of the Mathers has been ably criticised by W. F. Poole, in North American Review, CVIII., 337-397. Important also are Samuel G. Drake, Annals of Witchcraft in New England (1869); and W. E. Woodward, ed., Records of Salem Witchcraft, Copied from the Original Documents (2 vols., 1864.)

     OTHER RELIGIOUS BODIES.—See the various volumes of the American Church History Series, including bibliographical chapters and a final bibliographical volume. See also Ecclesiastical Records, State of New York (4 vols., 1901-1902).

     There is as yet no comprehensive economic history of the American colonies; but, for New England, William B. Weeden, Economic and Social History of New England (2 vols., 1890-1891), is a valuable storehouse of facts. Philip A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century (2 vols., 1896), describes the initial conditions. Of the histories of particular colonies, Edward McCrady, History of South Carolina under the Royal Government (1899), is especially serviceable on the economic side.

     SOUTHERN LAND ADMINISTRATIONS.—See. J. C. Ballagh, Introduction to Southern Economic History—The Land System

in the South (American Historical Association, Report, 1897), and the chapters on the subject in Mereness, Maryland; Raper, North Carolina; and Smith, South Carolina. There are two scholarly essays by J. S. Bassett: The Relation between the Virginia Planter and the London Merchant (American Historical Association, Report, 1901, pp. 551-575); and the introduction to his edition of the Writings of Colonel William Byrd (1901).

     MANUFACTURES AND COMMERCE.—Some material may be found in the works of Anderson, Cunningham, and Weeden mentioned above; and in J. L. Bishop, History of American Manufactures (3 vols., 1867); but the printed material is chiefly in the documentary collections.

     FINANCIAL HISTORY.—See the references in Davis R. Dewey, Financial History of the United States (1903), chap. i. The best general view of colonial currency is Charles J. Bullock, Essays on the Monetary History of the United States (1900). The most detailed study of currency and banking is Andrew McF. Davis, Currency and Banking in Massachusetts Bay (American Economic Association, Publications, 3d series, I., No. 4, and II, No. 2).

     On colonial slavery, see especially G. H. Moore, Notes on the History of Slavery in Massachusetts (1866); Edward McCrady, Slavery in South Carolina (American Historical Association, Report, 1895, pp. 331-373); Edward Needles, An Historical Memoir of the Pennsylvania Society (1848); Edwin V. Morgan, Slavery in New York (American Historical Association, Papers, V.); and the following numbers of the Johns Hopkins University Studies: B. C. Steiner, History of Slavery in Connecticut (XI., Nos. 9, 10); Edward Channing, Narragansett Planters (IV., No. 3); Jeffrey R. Brackett, The Negro in Maryland (extra vol. VI.); J. C. Ballagh, A History of Slavery in Virginia (extra vol., 1902); Stephen B. Weeks, Southern Quakers and Slavery (extra vol. XV., 1890). The most scholarly treatment of the slave-trade

and its regulation is W. E. B. Du Bois, Suppression of the African Slave-Trade (Harvard Historical Studies, I.). Important studies of white servitude are K. F. Geiser, Redemptioners and Indented Servants in Pennsylvania (supplement to Yale Review, X., No. 2, 1901); and two numbers in the Johns Hopkins University Studies: E. I. McCormac, White Servitude in Maryland (XXI., Nos. 3, 4); and J. C. Ballagh, White Servitude in Maryland (XIII., Nos. 6, 7). See critical chapter in Albert Bushnell Hart, Slavery and Abolition (American Nation, XVI.).

     For seventeenth-century narratives, see Andrews, Colonial Self-Government (American Nation, V.), 340-342 The footnotes in Henry Cabot Lodge, Short History of the English Colonies in America (1881), are still useful guides in this field. Many extracts are printed in Albert Bushnell Hart, American History Told by Contemporaries, II. (1899).

     The following records of travel are noteworthy: Madam [S. K.] Knight, Journal, 1704-1705 (editions, 1825, 1865), a realistic account of contemporary conditions chiefly in New England; George Keith, Journal of Travels from New Hampshire to Caratuck (1706; reprinted in Protestant Episcopal Historical Society, Collections, I., 1851), records the missionary journeys of a zealous Anglican; George Whitefield, Journal of a Voyage from London to Savannah (2d ed., 1738, and numerous other editions of this and the continuations). For conditions at the close of this period, consult Peter Kalm, Travels into North America (in trans., 1770 and later eds.; reprinted in Pinkerton, Voyages, XIII.), written by a Swedish naturalist who travelled chiefly in the middle colonies during the years 1749 and 1750; Andrew Burnaby, Travels through the Middle Settlements in North America (1775, and later editions; reprinted in Pinkerton, Voyages, XIII.).

     Important contemporary descriptions of particular

colonies are John Callender, Historical Discourse on the Civil and Religious Affairs of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (1739; reprinted in Rhode Island Historical Society, Collections, IV., 1838); [Robert Beverley], History of Virginia (1705 and later eds.); Hartwell, Blair, and Chilton, The Present State of Virginia and the College (1727); Hugh Jones, The Present State of Virginia (1724; reprinted, 1865); William Byrd, Writings (1841; later eds. by T. H. Wynne, 1866, 2 vols., and J. S. Bassett, 1901), the observations of a cultivated man of the world. Much the most important personal records are Samuel Sewall, Diary, mentioned above, and Franklin, Autobiography (many eds. and in all eds. of his works). See also Eliza Lucas, Journal and Letters (Holbrook’s ed., 1850), for South Carolina in the middle of the eighteenth century.

     Good descriptions of social life founded on contemporary records are the numerous volumes of Mrs. Alice Morse Earle, dealing chiefly with New England, which are listed in Larned, Literature of American History, 70. See also articles on colonial life by Edward Eggleston (Century Magazine, 1883-1885), and the William and Mary College Quarterly (1893-). The numerous local histories, of which the best is Justin Winsor, Memorial History of Boston (4 vols., 1880-1881), are important for social conditions. See lists in Channing and Hart, Guide, § 23.

     There is much monographic and antiquarian material on this subject, but no comprehensive treatise. For the Germans, especially in Pennsylvania, the best introduction is Oscar Kuhns, The German and Swiss Settlements of Colonial Pennsylvania (1901), which includes a good bibliography. Some important special studies are: Friedrich Kapp, Die Deutschen im Staate New York während des Achtzehnten Jahrhunderts (revised ed., 1884); various works by F. R. Diffenderffer, J. F. Sachse, and S. W. Pennypacker

(titles given by Kuhns); G. D. Bernheim, History of German Settlements in North and South Carolina (1872). C. A. Hanna, The Scotch-Irish or the Scot in Great Britain, North Ireland, and North America (2 vols., 1902), is unscientific but contains some valuable matter. See also S. S. Green, The Scotch-Irish in America (American Antiquarian Society, Proceedings, X., 32-70, with bibliography). C. W. Baird, History of the Huguenot Emigration to America (2 vols., 1885), deals chiefly with the seventeenth century. See also Huguenot Papers (in Virginia Historical Society, Collections, new series, V.).

     On colonial regulation of immigration, see Emberson E. Proper, Colonial Immigration Laws (Columbia University Studies, XVI., No. 2, 1900); A. H. Carpenter, “Naturalization in England and the Colonies,” in American Historical Review, IX., 288-303.

     On the colonial colleges, the most scholarly work is Josiah Quincy, History of Harvard University (2d ed., 2 vols., 1860); the appendices contain many original documents. For the founding of Yale, see Thomas Clap, Annals or History of Yale College (1766); papers by F. B. Dexter and Simeon E. Baldwin, in New Haven Colony Historical Society, Papers, III.; and W. L. Kingsley, Yale College (2 vols., 1879). On William and Mary College, see H. B. Adams, The College of William and Mary (U. S. Bureau of Education, Circulars of Information, No. 1, 1887), which contains an extended bibliography; and various numbers of the William and Mary College Quarterly (1893-).

     The reports and circulars of the U. S. Bureau of Education, though of unequal value, contain some valuable papers on colonial education. See also E. W. Clews, Educational Legislation and Administration of the Colonial Governments (Columbia University, Contributions to Philosophy, etc., VI., 1899).

     The best introduction to the study of colonial culture is

Moses Coit Tyler, History of American Literature, 1607-1765 (2 vols., 1879; revised ed., 1897). Important also are Isaiah Thomas, History of Printing in America (best ed. in American Antiquarian Society, Archælogia Americana, V., VI., 1874); Stedman and Hutchinson, Library of Americana Literature (11 vols., 1887-1890); and A. B. Hart, American History Told by Contemporaries, II.

     A few essential books for this period will be given under each colony. For other critical estimates, see Andrews, Colonial Self-Government (American Nation, V.), chap. xx.

     NEW ENGLAND.—J. G. Palfrey, History of New England (vols. IV., V., 1875, 1890), is the most important single work on New England; it is based upon a wide range of printed and manuscript material and is not soon likely to be superseded. See also Weeden, Economic and Social History, mentioned above.

     For Massachusetts, the most important history is Thomas Hutchinson, History of Massachusetts Bay, 1628-1750 (2 vols., 1764, 1767; 3d ed., 1795), which is in part the record of a contemporary. The most useful documentary publication is the Acts and Resolves, Public and Private, of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (10 vols., 1869-1902). Besides the statutes there is much original material in the notes. Indispensable also are the Collections and Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society. For New Hampshire, the standard history is Jeremy Belknap, The History of New Hampshire (3 vols., 1784-1792); and the chief documentary collection is New Hampshire Provincial Papers (7 vols., 1867-1873). For Connecticut, Benjamin Trumbull, History of Connecticut (2 vols., 1797; new ed., 1898), should be used with the Colonial Records of Connecticut (15 vols., 1850-1890), and the Connecticut Historical Society, Collections (9 vols., 1860-1903). For Rhode Island, the chief authorities are S. G. Arnold, History of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (2 vols., 1859-1860; 4th ed.,

1899), and the Records of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (10 vols., 1856-1865).

     MIDDLE COLONIES.—John Fiske, Dutch and Quaker Colonies (2 vols., 1899), is a general, popular account. William Smith, History of New York (1757 and various later editions), is valuable for this period. Of the numerous documentary collections the most important are the Documents Relative to the Colonial History of New York, already mentioned; the Documentary History of the State of New York (4 vols., 1849-1852); and the Colonial Laws of New York (5 vols., 1894). For New Jersey, see Samuel Smith, History of the Colony of New Jersey (1765), an unsatisfactory history, but containing many documents; and the Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New Jersey (22 vols., 1880-1902), containing public records and important extracts from colonial newspapers.

     For Pennsylvania, the most useful histories are Robert Proud, History of Pennsylvania (2 vols., 1797-1798), and those of W. R. Shepherd and Isaac Sharpless, already mentioned. The latter author asserts that “an authentic and impartial history of Colonial Pennsylvania is yet to be written.” The chief documentary collections are Colonial Records, 1683-1776 (10 vols., 1851-1852); Votes and Proceedings of the House of Representatives (6 vols., 1752-1776); the Memoirs of the Pennsylvania Historical Society and its Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography; and the Statutes at Large of Pennsylvania (vols. II.-VIII., 1896-1902).

     SOUTHERN COLONIES.—For Virginia, the chief secondary authorities for this period are J. D. Burk, History of Virginia (3 vols., 1804-1805), and Charles Campbell, History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia (1860). There are three interesting chapters, chiefly on social conditions, in John Fiske, Old Virginia and Her Neighbors, II. (1898). The principal collection of documents is W. W. Hening, Statutes at Large, 1619-1792 (13 vols., 1823). See also the Calendar of Virginia State Papers, I. (1875); the Virginia Magazine of History and Biography (1893-); the

William and Mary College Quarterly; the Virginia Historical Society, Collections, especially vols. I. and II., containing the Official Letters of Alexander Spotswood. For Maryland during this period, the most useful secondary works are those of McMahon and Mereness already mentioned. The valuable collection of The Archives of Maryland has so far been confined mainly to the seventeenth century. Much important material is included in the Maryland Historical Society, Fund Publications, especially No. 34 (the Calvert Papers, II.).

     The narrative history of South Carolina can be best studied in Edward McCrady, History of South Carolina under the Proprietary Government (1897) and History of South Carolina under the Royal Government (1899). The first volume is rigidly chronological, but the second contains valuable chapters on special topics. The older works by W. J. Rivers, Sketch of the History of South Carolina (1856) and A Chapter in the Early History of South Carolina (1874), contain many documents and should still be consulted. See also Smith, South Carolina as a Royal Province, already mentioned. For the narrative history of North Carolina, see F. L. Hawks, History of North Carolina (2 vols. 1857-1858), and on the institutional side, C. L. Raper, North Carolina (1904). The most complete documentary collection for the Carolinas is the Colonial Records of North Carolina, already mentioned. There is no similar collection for South Carolina; but important source material may be found in the Collections of the South Carolina Historical Society, still in progress, and in B. R. Carroll, Historical Collections of South Carolina (2 vols., 1836).

     The best of the older histories of Georgia is W. B. Stevens, History of Georgia (2 vols., 1847, 1859); it shows extensive and scholarly use of the sources. C. C. Jones, Jr., History of Georgia (2 vols., 1883), though based in part on the older writers, shows also independent examination of source material, much of which is incorporated with the text. Among the numerous lives of Oglethorpe, the most important is still Robert Wright, Memoir of General James

Oglethorpe (1867); see also Letters from General Oglethorpe (Georgia Historical Society, Collections, III.).

     The Journal of the Transactions of the Trustees of the Colony of Georgia in America was published in 1886, by C. C. Jones. Important contemporary narratives are published in the Georgia Historical Society, Collections (vols, I.-IV., 1840), and in Peter Force, Tracts on the Colonies. Further bibliographical data are given by C. C. Jones, in Winsor, Narrative and Critical History of America, V., 392-406.