Introduction

   1. Alan Trachtenberg, The Incorporation of America (New York: Hill and Wang, 1982) 217.

   2. Charles Reagan Wilson, Baptized in Blood (Ahens: University of Georgia Press, 1980) 29.

   3. Ralph W. Widener, Jr., Ph.D., Confederate Monuments: Enduring Symbols of the South and the War Between the States (Washington D.C.: Andromeda Associates, 1982) vii.

   4. Ceremonies attending the unveiling of the monument erected by Colonel Thomas W. Smith at Suffolk, Va. to the memory of the Confederate dead....1890 (Suffolk: Herald Book and Job Office, 1890) 13.

   5. Charles Reagan Wilson, Baptized in Blood (Ahens: University of Georgia Press, 1980) 6.

   6. Charles Reagan Wilson, Baptized in Blood (Ahens: University of Georgia Press, 1980) 27-28.

   7. Charles Reagan Wilson, Baptized in Blood (Ahens: University of Georgia Press, 1980) 30.

   8. Paul Gaston, The New South Creed (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1970) 33.

   9. John Ezell, The South Since 1865 (Tulsa: University of Oklahoma Press, 1978) 123.

The Public Sphere in the Gilded Age

   1. Alan Trachtenberg, The Incorporation of America (New York: Hill and Wang, 1982) 218.

   2. Alan Trachtenberg, The Incorporation of America (New York: Hill and Wang, 1982) 104.

   3. World's Columbian Exposition: The Official Fair-A History. Http://xroads.virginia.eud/- MA96/WCE/history.html.

   4. Alan Trachtenberg, The Incorporation of America (New York: Hill and Wang, 1982) 214.

   5. Alan Trachtenberg, The Incorporation of America (New York: Hill and Wang, 1982) 210.

   6. Alan Trachtenberg, The Incorporation of America (New York: Hill and Wang, 1982) 215.

   7. Miles Orvell, The Real Thing (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1989).

The Dedications

   1. Miles Orvell, The Real Thing (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1989) 35.

   2. Ceremonies attending the unveiling of the monument erected by Colonel Thomas W. Smith at Suffolk, Va. to the memory of the Confederate dead....1890 (Suffolk: Herald Book and Job Office, 1890) 3.

   3. Gaines M. Foster, Ghosts of the Confederacy (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987) 131.

   4. Confederate Monument (at Luray, Va.), Unveiled July 21st, 1898 (New Market: Henkel and Company, Printers and Publishers) 8.

   5. Gaines M. Foster, Ghosts of the Confederacy (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987) 25.

   6. . Gaines M. Foster, Ghosts of the Confederacy (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987) 131.

The Speeches

   1. Unveiling of the Monument to the Confederate Dead, of Alexandria, Va. Speeches of Capt. Raleigh T. Daniel, and Gov. Fitzhugh Lee, May 24th, 1889, 8.

   2. Memorial Address at the Decoration of the Graves of the Confederate Dead by C.L. Chilton at Perote, Ala. April 26th, 1910 (The Paragon Press, 1910) 4.

   3. Oration Pronounced by Col. Charles C. Jones Jr. on the 31st October, 1878, 1.

   4. Oration Pronounced by Col. Charles C. Jones Jr. on the 31st October, 1878, 6.

   5. Oration Pronounced by Col. Charles C. Jones Jr. on the 31st October, 1878, 6.

   6. Ceremonies attending the unveiling of the monument erected by Colonel Thomas W. Smith at Suffolk, Va. to the memory of the Confederate dead....1890 (Suffolk: Herald Book and Job Office, 1890) 10.

   7. Address of Hon. Jno. T. Morgan of the unveiling of the monuments to the Unknown Confederate Dead, delivered at Winchester, Virginia, June 6th, 1879 (Washington D.C.: Globe Printing and Publishing House, 1879) 7-9.

   8. Kenneth Cmiel, Democratic Eloquence (New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1990) 14.

   9. Kenneth Cmiel, Democratic Eloquence (New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1990) 31.

   10. Kenneth Cmiel, Democratic Eloquence (New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1990) 59.

   11. Kenneth Cmiel, Democratic Eloquence (New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1990) 61.

   12. Kenneth Cmiel, Democratic Eloquence (New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1990) 130.

   13. Warren I. Susman, Culture as History (New York: Pantheon Books, 1984) 273.

   14. Address at the Dedication of the Monument to the Confederate Dead, University of Virginia, June 7, 1893 by Robert Stiles (Richmond: Taylor and Taylor Printers, 1893) 5.

The Monuments

   1. Michael North, "The Public as Sculpture," Art and the Public Sphere, ed. W. J. T. Mitchell (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1992)15-16.

   2. Ralph W. Widener, Jr., Ph.D., Confederate Monuments: Enduring Symbols of the South and the War Between the States (Washington D.C.: Andromeda Associates, 1982) vii.

   3. Ann Hunter McLean, "Monuments to the Confederate Memory", diss., University of Virginia, 1998, 117.

   4. Gaines M. Foster, Ghosts of the Confederacy (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987) 129.

   5. Gaines M. Foster, Ghosts of the Confederacy (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987) 129.

   6. John Ezell, The South Since 1865 (Tulsa: University of Oklahoma Press, 1978) 40-41.

   7. John Ezell, The South Since 1865 (Tulsa: University of Oklahoma Press, 1978) 57.

   8. John Ezell, The South Since 1865 (Tulsa: University of Oklahoma Press, 1978) 153.

   9. W. J. T. Mitchell, "Introduction: Utopia and Critique," Art and the Public Sphere, ed. W. J. T. Mitchell (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1992) 3-4.

   10. Vito Acconci, "Public Space, Private Time," Art and the Public Sphere, ed. W. J. T. Mitchell (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1992) 176.

   11. Michael North, "The Public as Sculpture," Art and the Public Sphere, ed. W. J. T. Mitchell (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1992) 25.

   12. Michael North, "The Public as Sculpture," Art and the Public Sphere, ed. W. J. T. Mitchell (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1992) 27.

   13. Souvenir Unveiling Soldier and Sailors Monument, Richmond, Virginia, May 30, 1894.

   14. Gaines M. Foster, Ghosts of the Confederacy (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987) 129.

   15. Souvenir Unveiling Soldier and Sailors Monument, Richmond, Virginia, May 30, 1894.

   16. W. J. T. Mitchell, "Introduction: Utopia and Critique," Art and the Public Sphere, ed. W. J. T. Mitchell (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1992) 44.

   17. Vito Acconci, "Public Space, Private Time," Art and the Public Sphere, ed. W. J. T. Mitchell (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1992) 163.

   18. Michael North, "The Public as Sculpture," Art and the Public Sphere, ed. W. J. T. Mitchell (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1992) 10.

Books

Cmiel, Kenneth. Democratic Eloquence. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1990.

Emerson, B.A.C. Historic Southern Monuments. New York: The Neale Publishing Company, 1911.

Ezell, John Samuel. The South Since 1865. Tulsa: The University of Oklahoma Press, 1975.

Foster, Gaines M. Ghosts of the Confederacy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.

Gaston, Paul. The New South Creed. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1970.

McLean, Ann Hunter. Monuments to the Confederate Memory. University of Virginia, 1998.

Mitchell, W.J.T. Art and the Public Sphere. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1990.

Orvell, Miles. The Real Thing. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1989.

Savage, Kirk. Standing Soldiers, Kneeling Slaves. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997.

Susman, Warren I. Culture as History. New York: Pantheon Books, 1984.

Trachtenberg, Alan. The Incorporation of America. New York: Hill and Wang, 1982.

Widener, Ralph W. Confederate Monuments: Enduring Symbols of the South and the War Between the States. Washington D.C.: Andromeda Associates, 1982.

Wills, Gary. Lincoln at Gettysburg. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992.

Wilson, Charles Reagan. Baptized In Blood Athens: The University of Georgia PRess, 1980.

Programs and Addresses

Address delivered at the Univeiling of the Monument to Confederate Soldiers of Charles City County, Virginia - at Charles City Court House, November 21, 1900. Richmond: Whittet and Shepperson, Printers, 1901.

Addres of Hon. Jno. T. Morgan of the unveiling of the monuments to the Unknown Confederate Dead, delivered at Winchester, Virginia, June 6th, 1879. Washington D.C.: Globe Printing and Publishing House, 1879.

Ceremonies attending the unveiling of the monument erected by Colonel Thomas W. Smieth at Suffolk, Va. to the memory of the Confederate dead...1889. Suffolk: Herald Book and Job Office, 1890.

Chilton, Claudius Lysias. Memorial Address at the Decoration of the Graves of the Confederate Dead by C.L. Chilton at Perote, Ala. April 26th, 1910. The Paragon Press, 1910.

Confederate Memorial Day at Charleston, S.C. Re-interment of the Carolina Dead from Gettysburg Address of Rev. Dr. Girardeau, Odes, &c. Charleston: William G. Mazyck, Printer, 1871.

Henkel, Ambrose. Confederate Monument Luray, Virginia Herbert Barbee Sculptor Unveiled July 21, 1898. New Market: Henkel and Company Publishers.

Jones, Charles Colock. Oration Pronounced by Col. Charles C. Jones, Jr. on the 31st October, 1878 upon the occasion of the Unveiling and Dedication of the Confederate Monument, erected by the Ladies' Memorial Association of Augusta, in Broad Street, in the city of Augusta, Georgia.

Penick, Charles Clifton. Our Dead: Our Memories: Our Lessons: Our Duties. An Oration on the Decoration of Confederate Graves, At Louisville, K.Y., May 26, 1888 by Rt. Rev. Charles Clifton Penick, D.D. (from 38th Regt. Va. Vol, Pickett's Division).

Programme of the Ceremonies at the Unveiling of the Arlington Confederate Monument, Arlington Virginia, June fourth, nineteen hundred and fourteen.

Report of Committee on Ceremonies Incident to the Unveiling of the Soldiers' & Sailors' Monument, at Richmond, Va.; May 30th, 1894.

Souvenir Unveiling Soldier and Sailors Monument - Richmond, Virginia, May 30, 1894.

Stiles, Robert. Address at the Dedication of the Monument to the Confederate Dead, University of Virginia, June 7, 1893. Richmond: Taylor and Taylor Printers, 1893.

Trinkle, Elbert Lee. Address by Governor E. Lee Trinkle of the Commonwealth of Virginia on the occasion of the first carving on the Stone Mountain Confederate Memorial at Stone Mountain, Ga. June 18, 1923. Atlanta: Index Printing Company.

The Unveiling of the Monument to the Confederate Dead, of Alexandria, Va. Speeches of Capt. Raleigh T. Daniel, and Gov. Fitzhugh Lee, May 24th, 1889.