FU Berlin Digitale Dissertation
Virginia Alvear Galindo : The Educación Popular in Morazán, El Salvador, during the civil war years La Educación Popular en Morazán, El Salvador, durante la guerra civil de 1981 a 1992:¿parte de una estrategia de supervivencia?
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Abstract The study submitted researches the main cause of what led a people (situated in the northern part of Morazán) to develop together with the help of the Educación Popular, survival strategies during the salvadorian civil war, strategies which made it possible to constructively oppose the continuous presence of death. The origin and development of the Educación Popular in Morazán, El Salvador, during the civil war, deserves a closer look. Its political-educational importance as part of a survival strategy, which therefore can only be understood in connection with the events of the civil war, makes it unique in the history of the Educación Popular. One condition for this study was the research into the background and personal motivation of four selected members of Educación Popular. They were part of the 289 members of Educación Popular interviewed in Morazán, who during the civil war took on the role and became teachers of the people, without any prior educational training and without any state support.Their work had the effect of a collective drive on the people of Morazán, whereby through their efforts they could develop solutions for an untenable situation. In their struggle against death the members of Educación Popular found and worked out new values, which served as productive and meaningful counter-measures to the war. The Educación Popular became a movement privileging life in war. One had to believe in something, for ones own life was precarious. The extreme situation of the civil war had the effect of bringing about an emotional dissonance, which put both the community and the individual under a permanent ambivalence. One had to choose between "good and evil". One found oneself in the contradiction, that the search for security could lead to its very loss. In war one had to take sides, had to decide whether to be a victim or a participant, in order to have the possibility to either join the struggle out of conviction or under pressure.The members of Educación Popular were leading personalities in their community and acted as links between the civilian population and the guerrilla. And by virtue of their personal "mysticism", they inspired parents not only to help in the search for school furniture and teaching materials, but also made them aware of the result of the educational process. They operated between the civilians and the fighters - no matter whether legally or partly under cover - and took up ever more important positions at the community level. They had resource to information, communicated on different levels and thus achieved social power. They knew that their work demanded preparedness and personal devotion, the more so because the salvadorian army saw them as being subversive and thus they were subjected daily to looking death in the face. One hadtaught in Morazán in order to defeat death, which however no longer appliedafter the end of the war. In the postwar context the uniqueness of Educación Popular lost its validity and therefore became forgotten. The shared suffering and hopes of the war years which had brought all together into a community, the more so because no-one could escape death, no longer worked. The members of Educación Popular looked on as the State took over their schools and parts of their programme, but due to their "lack of institutional training", left them without any worthy acknowledgement. This research work is thus dedicated to them all.

Table of Contents Download the whole PhDthesis as a zip-tar file or as zip-File For download in PDF format click the chapter title Titelseite Agradecimientos Introducción I. Parte: Educación e Historia 1. La Educación Popular en América Latina 1 1.1. Contexto y desarrollo histórico 2 1.2. Surgimiento de Proyectos educativos alternativos 20 1.3. La Nueva Educación Popular 29 2. El Salvador y su historia 2.1. Datos generales 53 2.2. De los orígenes al tiempo de la colonia 55 2.3. Independencia y disolución de la Federación Centroamericana 56 2.4. La larga historia del Café 56 2.5. Golpes y dictaduras militares 59 2.6. Industrialización 61 2.7. ANDES 21 de Junio 62 2.8. La lucha contra el "comunismo" y la "Ayuda" al Desarrollo 63 2.9. Fraude electoral y radicalización de la resistencia 66 2.10. Proyecto de Transformación Nacional y Fraude electoral 67 2.11. Represión y desbordamiento popular 69 2.12. Del golpe militar a la guerra civil 73 3. La educación en El Salvador 3.1. Origen de la Educación en El Salvador 78 3.2. Reforma educativa de 1940 80 3.3. Reforma Educativa de 1968 83 3.4. Participación del Magisterio 84 3.5. Guerra 85 3.6. Sistema educativo 87 ll Parte: La Educación Popular en Morazán El Salvador, durante la guerracivil 1981-1992 ¿parte de una estrategia de supervivencia? 4. Metodología del trabajo de investigación 4.1. Estudio premilinar 1993-1996 114 4.2. Sistematización educativa en Morazán 117 4.3. Procesamiento de la información 120 4.4. Nuevos planteamientos 121 4.5. Metodología 122 4.6. Los entrevistados y análisis de datos 128 5. Estudio de campo 5. La Educación Popular en la zona norte de Morazán, El Salvador 131 5.1. Características generales de la zona de estudio: Región Oriental, Morazán 132 5.2. Contexto político-social de Morazán 135 5.3. Morazán, condiciones adecuadas para el desarrollo de la guerra 144 5.4. Como surge el proyecto educativo popular en Morazán 149 5.5. Educación implementada por el FMLN en las zonas bajo control 155 5.6. Distintos tipos de organización de la población civil 174 5.7. Concertación Educativa y nivelación académica de Educadores Populares 189 5.8. Los educadores populares en números 196 5.9. Resultados 199 6. Análisis de 4 historias de vida 6.1. Pablo: "Las semillas de la educación están sembradas" 209 6.2. Miriam: "A veces los detalles cuentan" 236 6.3. Pedrito: "El conocimiento no está en el cielo" 265 6.4. Roxana: "Su sangre me la tengo que vengar" 291 6.5. Temas centrales de los entrevistados 6.6. Conclusiones finales 364 7. Bibliografía 8. Glosar 9. Mapas y Fotos Zusammenfassung

More Information:
Online available:	http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2002/193/indexe.html
Language of PhDThesis:
Keywords:	education,educación popular,Morazán, El Salvador, survival strategy, civil war
DNB-Sachgruppe:	22 Erziehung, Bildung, Unterricht
Date of disputation:	10-Jul-2002
PhDThesis from:	Fachbereich Erziehungswissenschaft und Psychologie, Freie Universität Berlin
First Referee:	Prof. Dr. Jürgen Zimmer
Second Referee:	Prof. Dr. Christoph Wulf
Contact (Author):	virginiaalvear@hotmail.com
Date created:	17-Sep-2002
Date available:	19-Sep-2002

 

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